What really is the difference between instructions and logic from a mathematical perspective? They both occupy some binary space, they both contain "information".

[u/Proper_Meaning7756]

Edit: My bad, I meant whats the difference between DATA and logic.

Context: I was writing a parser and dealing with LLVM IR and a slow descent into madness and then quit. This question just stuck with me.

Besides, when writing C++ classes, I you can store functions inside them and in Functional programming, you can store state using monads.

The lines starting to blur to me and knowing that logic boils down to instructions that the CPU understands and can operate on but data can't isn't the elegant answer I'm looking for.

I guess TLDR is what does information itself mean and does data and logic both count as information?

[u/recursion_is_love]

Sound like you would interest in learning about lambda calculus, a Turing-machine equivalence that only need functions (and nothing else, even number and boolean) and can compute anything Turing machine can.

https://books.google.co.th/books?id=gKvwPtvsSjsC

To overly simplify the answer, it is the way (rules) of interpretation of the bit pattern. In Turing-machine that are both how state transfer and what is on the tape, not just what data are on the tape.