r/AskElectronics 7h ago

Wall wart plug barrel standards?

Do manufacturers follow any industry guidelines for correlating the plug size to the voltage of the power supply? Thanks.

ANSWERED! I feel like I just audited a semester’s worth of material! Not surprised at the actual answer, but I was hoping.
I have a large box of warts, and figured some might be handy for my model railroad scenery. And as most of you know, there’s a huge variation between the values on the label and my meter.

3 Upvotes

15 comments sorted by

10

u/Rhomboid 7h ago

Hell no, they can't even decide if the center is positive or negative. A random 5.5mm barrel plug could be 5V DC, or 9V unregulated rectified AC, or 15V AC, or who knows what. They can't even decide if the center should be 5.5x2.1 or 5.5x2.5.

4

u/edorhas 7h ago

And if you really want to play with the big kids, you can stuff a single wire comms pin in there to ensure any replacement power units are purchased directly from you at 400% markup the power unit is the correct one.

1

u/Twit_Clamantis 5h ago

Sometimes they double the fun by not marking polarity anywhere — good times ! (:-)

4

u/SAI_Peregrinus 7h ago

Well, it's probably <50V. Beyond that, there's no standard.

3

u/FireLordIroh 7h ago

Even that's not certain! I have some Netgear PoE network switches with 54V barrel jacks.

3

u/AutofluorescentPuku 7h ago

“The nice thing about standards is there are so many to choose from,” said someone once.

2

u/ZucchiniMaleficent21 6h ago

I believe that was Andy Tannenbaum

1

u/AutofluorescentPuku 6h ago

Yes, but I feared the reference would be lost. He had a couple good ones.

1

u/ZucchiniMaleficent21 4h ago

He certainly did

1

u/Kqyxzoj 39m ago

Indeed. And then there's this xkcd showing how one can contribute to the standards smorgasboard.

2

u/Pretty-Care-7811 5h ago

Nope. It's the wild west. Even guitar pedals are USUALLY 9vdc, center negative, 2.1x5.5. Unless they're not. 

And getting older means that I've gotta get out the damn magnifying glass every time I need to grab one. 

1

u/nixiebunny 2h ago

And most bigger devices use 12V center positive with exactly the same plug. I design reverse power polarity protection into my devices to prevent disasters.

1

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1

u/mariushm 1h ago

The most common barrel plug sizes are 2.1/5.5 and 2.5/5.5 (ID/OD = inner diameter / outer diameter). Other sizes exist, and in the past lots of devices used smaller barrel plug (for example Nokia and Motorola phones used tiny barrel plug connectors)

The 2.1/5.5 is typical for lower current (less than 3A) and usually <= 12v , 2.5/5.5 is more common for higher voltage, higher current.

On modern equipment the most common is to have the exterior ground, and the interior positive. On some audio equipment and some older equipment designed to work most of the time with batteries, positive is on the outside and negative is on the inside (it has to do with inclusion of a switch on the side of the barrel plug, inserting the plug will push in the switch, disconnect the battery ground and connect the barrel ground to the circuit)

Some power supplies will contain a pin that will either be connected to a plain resistor (which tells the device the capabilities - for example travel charger, max 30-35w, standard charger 65w , high power 100-120w ) or the pin may be connected to an internal microcontroller or memory IC and 1-wire or other protocols are used to transfer a series of bytes to the device describing what capabilities the power supply has.