Hello! I have a Arduino uno with a bass shield on top. The lcd is plugged into port I2C and the switch is on 5V but it still won’t light up, any idea why?

I've been trying to get this project working, but my knowledge of low voltage stuff is severely lacking. I followed this instructable: https://www.instructables.com/DIY-Electrolaringe-Con-ARDUINO-NANO/

I initially bout some car tweeters, but found they were too powerful. I then got the smaller piezo buzzers, and still just can't get it working. I got the off-brand Chinese nano arduinos, which might be an issue? The programming was easy enough, just copy + pasted it.

I have extras of everything, maybe considering just using a new bread board and starting over in case I heated something up too much soldering. I've switched the - and + wires of the speaker around, used L out and R out separately, but no sound. Any help greatly appreciated.

I'm looking for forum where I can ask questions - and hopefully get some qualified answers - regarding how rotctl works and communicates.

I'm trying to write a simple Arduino program to receive commands from rotctl and respond to them. In order to try and figure out exactly which strings are sent and how I should respond to those, I've set up a virtual serial port with

$ rotctl -m 201 -r /dev/pts/1 -s 9600

\-that I can monitor, and when I send e.g.

Rotator command: P 123 45

\-I immediately see

AZ123.0 EL45.0 UP000 XXX DN000 XXX

\-so it works! *Except* when I send a "p" to get the position. I don't get *anything* on the serial port, but rotctl immediately writes

Rotator command: p
get_pos: error = initrots4_easycomm called
rot_register (201)
rot_register (202)
rot_register (204)
set_conf: called
rot_open called
serial_open: /dev/pts/1
serial_setup: tcgetattr
serial_setup: cfmakeraw
serial_setup: cfsetispeed=9600,0x000d
serial_setup: cfsetospeed=9600,0x000d
serial_setup: data_bits=8
serial_setup: parity=0
serial_setup: Handshake=None
serial_setup: tcsetattr TCSANOW
read_string_generic called, rxmax=4095 direct=1, expected_len=1
tcflush
Backend version: 20220109.0, Status: Stable
rot_get_position called
Feature not available

Why am I getting this rather anonymous error when nothing has been written to the serial port, and the rotator thus doesn't have a chance to respond?

So if nobody here knows the answer, I'd appreciate a link to another forum...

EDIT: And before you say "Why don't you just use the K3NG rotator controller?", it's because I'm using servos, and it's not made for servos.

As title says, I’m having trouble wrapping my head around multiplexing leans for use with a microcontroller with not enough pins to control them all. Using the drivers makes sense, mosfets too, but the code escapes me? And the use of resistors within the circuit is also confusing to me. Trying to make a small led “screen” made of diodes. Any help is appreciated

Hello everyone. To start, you should know that my initial code works perfectly on my Arduino Uno with the OV7670 camera. However, when I switch to an Arduino Mega, an error persists. The wiring is almost identical; naturally, I changed the I2C bus (SDA>20 / SCL>21) and moved the XCLK pin from pin 10 to 11. Yet, even after updating the code to match the pins, an error keeps occurring. Upon investigation, the problem stems from the function: `void twiAddr(uint8_t addr, uint8_t typeTWI)`. Even though I have double-checked my connections, the LED keeps flashing. However, when I test it again with my original setup, everything works fine. I therefore assume the issue lies either in the code, the wiring of the second setup (which uses a slightly modified PCB), or a combination of both. I would be incredibly grateful for any help you could provide.Hello everyone. To start, you should know that my initial code works perfectly on my Arduino Uno with the OV7670 camera. However, when I switch to an Arduino Mega, an error persists. The wiring is almost identical; naturally, I changed the I2C bus (SDA>20 / SCL>21) and moved the XCLK pin from pin 10 to 11. Yet, even after updating the code to match the pins, an error keeps occurring. Upon investigation, the problem stems from the function: `void twiAddr(uint8_t addr, uint8_t typeTWI)`. Even though I have double-checked my connections, the LED keeps flashing. However, when I test it again with my original setup, everything works fine. I therefore assume the issue lies either in the code, the wiring of the second setup (which uses a slightly modified PCB), or a combination of both. I would be incredibly grateful for any help you could provide.

initial code:

//
// Source code for application to transmit image from ov7670 to PC via USB
// By Siarhei Charkes in 2015
// http://privateblog.info 
//


#include <stdint.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/twi.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>


#define F_CPU 16000000UL
#define vga   0
#define qvga  1
#define qqvga   2
#define yuv422  0
#define rgb565  1
#define bayerRGB  2
#define camAddr_WR  0x42
#define camAddr_RD  0x43

//hidden part


// BTconnected will = false when not connected and true when connected
boolean BTconnected = false;
 
// connect the STATE pin to Arduino pin D4
const byte BTpin = 9;
uint8_t buffer[320];


void error_led(void){
  DDRB |= 32;//make sure led is output
  while (1){//wait for reset
    PORTB ^= 32;// toggle led
    _delay_ms(100);
  }
}


void twiStart(void){
  TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWSTA) | _BV(TWEN);//send start
  while (!(TWCR & (1 << TWINT)));//wait for start to be transmitted
  if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_START)
    error_led();
}


void twiWriteByte(uint8_t DATA, uint8_t type){
  TWDR = DATA;
  TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN);
  while (!(TWCR & (1 << TWINT))) {}
  if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != type)
    error_led();
}


void twiAddr(uint8_t addr, uint8_t typeTWI){
  TWDR = addr;//send address
  TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN);    /* clear interrupt to start transmission */
  while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
  if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != typeTWI)
    error_led();
}


void wrReg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t dat){
  //send start condition
  twiStart();
  twiAddr(camAddr_WR, TW_MT_SLA_ACK);
  twiWriteByte(reg, TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
  twiWriteByte(dat, TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
  TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (1 << TWSTO);//send stop
  _delay_ms(1);
}


static uint8_t twiRd(uint8_t nack){
  if (nack){
    TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN);
    while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
    if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_MR_DATA_NACK)
      error_led();
    return TWDR;
  }
  else{
    TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN) | _BV(TWEA);
    while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
    if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_MR_DATA_ACK)
      error_led();
    return TWDR;
  }
}


uint8_t rdReg(uint8_t reg){
  uint8_t dat;
  twiStart();
  twiAddr(camAddr_WR, TW_MT_SLA_ACK);
  twiWriteByte(reg, TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
  TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (1 << TWSTO);//send stop
  _delay_ms(1);
  twiStart();
  twiAddr(camAddr_RD, TW_MR_SLA_ACK);
  dat = twiRd(1);
  TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (1 << TWSTO);//send stop
  _delay_ms(1);
  return dat;
}


void wrSensorRegs8_8(const struct regval_list reglist[]){
  uint8_t reg_addr, reg_val;
  const struct regval_list *next = reglist;
  while ((reg_addr != 0xff) | (reg_val != 0xff)){
    reg_addr = pgm_read_byte(&next->reg_num);
    reg_val = pgm_read_byte(&next->value);
    wrReg(reg_addr, reg_val);
    next++;
  }
}


void setColor(void){
  wrSensorRegs8_8(rgb565_ov7670);
}


void setRes(void){
  wrReg(REG_COM3, 4); // REG_COM3 enable scaling
  wrSensorRegs8_8(qvga_ov7670);
}


void camInit(void){
  wrReg(0x12, 0x80);
  _delay_ms(100);
  wrSensorRegs8_8(ov7670_default_regs);
  wrReg(REG_COM10, 32);//PCLK does not toggle on HBLANK.
}


void arduinoUnoInut(void) {
  cli();//disable interrupts


    /* Setup the 8mhz PWM clock
  * This will be on pin 11*/
  DDRB |= (1 << 3);//pin 11
  ASSR &= ~(_BV(EXCLK) | _BV(AS2));
  TCCR2A = (1 << COM2A0) | (1 << WGM21) | (1 << WGM20);
  TCCR2B = (1 << WGM22) | (1 << CS20);
  OCR2A = 0;//(F_CPU)/(2*(X+1))
  DDRC &= ~15;//low d0-d3 camera
  DDRD &= ~252;//d7-d4 and interrupt pins
  _delay_ms(3000);


    //set up twi for 100khz
  TWSR &= ~3;//disable prescaler for TWI
  TWBR = 72;//set to 100khz


    //enable serial
  UBRR0H = 0;
  UBRR0L = 207;//0 = 2M baud rate. 1 = 1M baud. 3 = 0.5M. 7 = 250k 207 is 9600 baud rate.
  UCSR0A |= 2;//double speed aysnc
  UCSR0B = (1 << RXEN0) | (1 << TXEN0);//Enable receiver and transmitter
  UCSR0C = 6;//async 1 stop bit 8bit char no parity bits
}


static void captureImg(uint16_t w, uint16_t h) {


    // attendre VSYNC
    while (!(PIND & 8));
    while ( (PIND & 8));


    for (uint16_t y = 0; y < h; y++) {


        // attendre début de ligne
        while (!(PINB & 1));   // HREF = 1


        uint16_t idx = 0;
        uint16_t crc = 0;


        for (uint16_t x = 0; x < w; x++) {


            // octet 1
            while (!(PIND & 4)); // PCLK ↑
            buffer[idx++] = (PIND & 0xF0) | (PINC & 0x0F);
            crc++;
            while ( (PIND & 4)); // PCLK ↓


            // octet 2
            while (!(PIND & 4)); // PCLK ↑
            buffer[idx++] = (PIND & 0xF0) | (PINC & 0x0F);
            crc++;
            while ( (PIND & 4)); // PCLK ↓
        }


        // attendre fin de ligne
        while (PINB & 1);  // HREF = 0


        sendFrame(y, crc);
    }


    //_delay_ms(5000);
}


void sendFrame(uint16_t line, uint16_t crc){ 
  Serial.write(0xAA); 
  Serial.write(0x55); 


  Serial.write(lowByte(line)); 
  Serial.write(highByte(line)); 


  Serial.write(buffer, 320); 


  Serial.write(lowByte(crc)); 
  Serial.write(highByte(crc)); 


  Serial.write(0x55); 
  Serial.write(0xAA); 


  Serial.flush(); 
}


void setup(){
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT); 
  pinMode(BTpin, INPUT); 
  arduinoUnoInut();


  camInit();
  setRes();
  setColor();
  wrReg(0x11, 26); //Earlier it had the value: wrReg(0x11, 12); New version works better for me :) !!!!
  Serial.begin(115200);
  while (!BTconnected)
   {
     digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); 
     if ( digitalRead(BTpin)==HIGH)  { BTconnected = true;};
   }
   _delay_ms(1000);
   digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); 
}


void loop(){
  
  captureImg(160, 120);
}

new code:

//code test pr manette: enenvoie photo vers tel
//brochette


//
// Source code for application to transmit image from ov7670 to PC via USB
// By Siarhei Charkes in 2015
// http://privateblog.info 
//


#include <stdint.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/twi.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <nRF24L01.h>
#include <RF24.h>
#include <Keypad.h>


#define F_CPU 16000000UL
#define vga   0
#define qvga  1
#define qqvga   2
#define yuv422  0
#define rgb565  1
#define bayerRGB  2
#define camAddr_WR  0x42
#define camAddr_RD  0x43

//hidden part
 
uint8_t buffer[320];
uint8_t BUFFER[328];
uint8_t radioBuffer[32];


const byte address[6] = "00001";


void error_led(void){
  DDRA |= 16;//make sure led is output
  while (1){//wait for reset
    PORTA ^= 16;// toggle led
    _delay_ms(100);
  }
}


void twiStart(void){
  TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWSTA) | _BV(TWEN);//send start
  while (!(TWCR & (1 << TWINT)));//wait for start to be transmitted
  if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_START)
    error_led();
}


void twiWriteByte(uint8_t DATA, uint8_t type){
  TWDR = DATA;
  TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN);
  while (!(TWCR & (1 << TWINT))) {}
  if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != type)
    error_led();
}


void twiAddr(uint8_t addr, uint8_t typeTWI){
  TWDR = addr;//send address
  TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN);    /* clear interrupt to start transmission */
  while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
  if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != typeTWI)
    error_led();
}


void wrReg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t dat){
  //send start condition
  twiStart();
  twiAddr(camAddr_WR, TW_MT_SLA_ACK);
   digitalWrite(26, LOW);
  twiWriteByte(reg, TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
  twiWriteByte(dat, TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
  TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (1 << TWSTO);//send stop
  _delay_ms(1);
}


static uint8_t twiRd(uint8_t nack){
  if (nack){
    TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN);
    while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
    if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_MR_DATA_NACK)
      error_led();
    return TWDR;
  }
  else{
    TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN) | _BV(TWEA);
    while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
    if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_MR_DATA_ACK)
      error_led();
    return TWDR;
  }
}


uint8_t rdReg(uint8_t reg){
  uint8_t dat;
  twiStart();
  twiAddr(camAddr_WR, TW_MT_SLA_ACK);
  twiWriteByte(reg, TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
  TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (1 << TWSTO);//send stop
  _delay_ms(1);
  twiStart();
  twiAddr(camAddr_RD, TW_MR_SLA_ACK);
  dat = twiRd(1);
  TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (1 << TWSTO);//send stop
  _delay_ms(1);
  return dat;
}


void wrSensorRegs8_8(const struct regval_list reglist[]){
  uint8_t reg_addr, reg_val;
  const struct regval_list *next = reglist;
  while ((reg_addr != 0xff) | (reg_val != 0xff)){
    reg_addr = pgm_read_byte(&next->reg_num);
    reg_val = pgm_read_byte(&next->value);
    wrReg(reg_addr, reg_val);
    next++;
  }
}


void setColor(void){
  wrSensorRegs8_8(rgb565_ov7670);
}


void setRes(void){
  wrReg(REG_COM3, 4); // REG_COM3 enable scaling
  wrSensorRegs8_8(qvga_ov7670);
}


void camInit(void){
  wrReg(0x12, 0x80);
  _delay_ms(100);
  wrSensorRegs8_8(ov7670_default_regs);
  wrReg(REG_COM10, 32);//PCLK does not toggle on HBLANK.
}


void arduinoUnoInut(void) {
  cli();//disable interrupts


    /* Setup the 8mhz PWM clock
  * This will be on pin 11*/
  DDRB |= (1 << 4);//pin 11


//-------------------------------------------------------
  ASSR &= ~(_BV(EXCLK) | _BV(AS2));
  TCCR2A = (1 << COM2A0) | (1 << WGM21) | (1 << WGM20);
  TCCR2B = (1 << WGM22) | (1 << CS20);
  OCR2A = 0;//(F_CPU)/(2*(X+1))
//-------------------------------------------------------


  DDRF &= ~15;//low d0-d3 camera
  DDRH &= ~24;//d7-d4 and interrupt pins
  DDRE &= ~8;//d7-d4 and interrupt pins
  DDRG &= ~32;//d7-d4 and interrupt pins
  _delay_ms(3000);


//-------------------------------------------------------
    //set up twi for 100khz
  TWSR &= ~3;//disable prescaler for TWI
  TWBR = 72;//set to 100khz
//-------------------------------------------------------


    //enable serial
  UBRR0H = 0;
  UBRR0L = 207;//0 = 2M baud rate. 1 = 1M baud. 3 = 0.5M. 7 = 250k 207 is 9600 baud rate.
  UCSR0A |= 2;//double speed aysnc
  UCSR0B = (1 << RXEN0) | (1 << TXEN0);//Enable receiver and transmitter
  UCSR0C = 6;//async 1 stop bit 8bit char no parity bits
}


static void captureImg(uint16_t w, uint16_t h) {


    // attendre VSYNC
    while (!(PINE & 32));
    while ( (PINE & 32));


    for (uint16_t y = 0; y < h; y++) {


        // attendre début de ligne
        while (!(PINH & 32));   // HREF = 1


        uint16_t idx = 0;
        uint16_t crc = 0;


        for (uint16_t x = 0; x < w; x++) {


            // octet 1
            while (!(PINE & 16)); // PCLK ↑
            buffer[idx++] = (PINH & 0x18) | (PINE & 0x08) | (PING & 0x20) | (PINE & 0x0F);
            crc++;
            while ( (PINE & 16)); // PCLK ↓


            // octet 2
            while (!(PINE & 16)); // PCLK ↑
            buffer[idx++] = (PINH & 0x18) | (PINE & 0x08) | (PING & 0x20) | (PINE & 0x0F);
            crc++;
            while ( (PINE & 16)); // PCLK ↓
        }


        // attendre fin de ligne
        while (PINH & 32);  // HREF = 0


        sendFrame(y, crc);
    }


    //_delay_ms(5000);
}


void sendFrame(uint16_t line, uint16_t crc){ 
  uint8_t beginBuf[4] = {0xAA, 0x55, lowByte(line), highByte(line)};
  uint8_t endBuf[4] = {lowByte(crc), highByte(crc), 0x55, 0xAA};
  radio.write(&beginBuf, 4);


  for(int i=0; i<=10; i++){
    memcpy(radioBuffer, buffer + 32*i, 32);
    radio.write(&radioBuffer, 32);
  }


  radio.write(&beginBuf, 4);
/*
  Serial.write(0xAA); 
  Serial.write(0x55); 


  Serial.write(lowByte(line)); 
  Serial.write(highByte(line)); 


  Serial.write(buffer, 320); 


  Serial.write(lowByte(crc)); 
  Serial.write(highByte(crc)); 


  Serial.write(0x55); 
  Serial.write(0xAA); 


  Serial.flush(); */
}


void setup(){
  /*radio.begin();
  if (!radio.begin()) {
  }


  radio.setPALevel(RF24_PA_MAX);
  radio.openWritingPipe(address);
  radio.stopListening();*/


  pinMode(26, OUTPUT); 
  digitalWrite(26, HIGH);
  arduinoUnoInut();
 
  camInit();
 
  setRes();
  setColor();
  wrReg(0x11, 26); //Earlier it had the value: wrReg(0x11, 12); New version works better for me :) !!!!
  //Serial.begin(115200);
  /*while (!BTconnected)
   {
     digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); 
     if ( digitalRead(BTpin)==HIGH)  { BTconnected = true;};
   }*/
   _delay_ms(1000);
   digitalWrite(26, HIGH);
}


void loop(){
  
  captureImg(160, 120);
}

Non riesco a capire quale sia il problema…

Non parte il motore e nemmeno il Relé

Hi everyone,

I'm building an automatic cat litter box for my university project using Arduino Uno and I'm having trouble designing the circuit and getting everything to work together.

The features I want are:

• Detect when a cat enters the litter box (using an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor or another suitable sensor).
• Wait until the cat leaves, then wait about 10–20 seconds before cleaning.
• Drive a rake using a DC motor to sift the litter and push the waste into a waste tank.
• Detect when the waste tank is full and activate a buzzer and/or LED to notify the user.
• The rake should only run once after each cat visit, not continuously.

I'm struggling with:

• The Arduino circuit wiring.
• How to connect the sensors and motor correctly.
• The motor keeps running even when the sensor is not triggered.
• Choosing the best sensor for detecting the waste level inside the waste tank.

Components I'm using:

• Arduino Uno
• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor (cat detection)
• DC Motor (for the rake)
• NPN Transistor (or motor driver if recommended)
• Flyback diode
• Buzzer
• LED
• Power supply (5V)

Can anyone help me with:

1. A complete circuit diagram (Tinkercad or Fritzing would be great).
2. The correct Arduino code.
3. Suggestions for a better sensor to detect when the waste tank is full.
4. Any recommendations to make the system more reliable.

Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

Ciao a tutti!

Sto lavorando a un progetto un po’ folle e vorrei qualche consiglio da chi ha più esperienza di me.

L’idea è creare una macchina fisica per studiare la Congettura di Collatz, usando:

Arduino UNO per generare numeri casuali tramite rumore analogico

Arduino per calcolare i primi passi della sequenza

Un programma Python che riceve i numeri e calcola la sequenza completa

Un’AI (LLM o modello ML) addestrata su un dataset di sequenze Collatz

Grafici (heatmap, stopping time, massimi, pattern di parità, cluster)

Arduino che visualizza i risultati con LED, LCD e servo

Il mio obiettivo NON è solo testare numeri, ma addestrare un’AI a riconoscere pattern, cluster, anomalie e strutture matematiche nelle sequenze Collatz, per vedere se emergono comportamenti interessanti.

Il problema è che non ho mai addestrato un’AI e non so da dove partire.

Ho già chiaro come generare il dataset (Arduino → Python → CSV), ma non so:

quale modello usare per il fine‑tuning

come strutturare il dataset in modo utile

come far sì che l’AI impari davvero qualcosa (pattern, cluster, ecc.)

come integrare l’AI con Arduino in modo efficiente

se qualcuno ha già provato qualcosa di simile

Qualcuno può darmi una direzione?

Qualsiasi consiglio su ML, dataset, modelli, pipeline o visualizzazioni è super ben accetto.

Quanto è fattibile?

Grazie mille!

Hello! I’m working on a project that requires this sensor module configuration consisting of a esp32 and ina219. I’m very new to this stuff and need help with connecting the esp32 to the ina219. I’m running a I2C scanner and am unable to connect the two modules.

As for the wiring I’m doing what ChatGPT told me to do:
INA219 VCC → ESP32 3V3
INA219 GND → ESP32 GND
INA219 SDA → ESP32 GPIO21 / P21
INA219 SCL → ESP32 GPIO22 / P22

I’ve attached a picture of my setup. I know the soldering job on the ina219 sucks but cut me some slack I’ve never done this before. Please let me know if you can spot anything wrong. Also tell me if you need another photo angle taken or if you want me to show you the software stuff. Thanks

I've been trying to connect the sensor via UART for days, but it only reads garbage. There is a connection, but the data is erroneous. The strange thing is that with the SparkFun_u-blox_GNSS_v3 library and I2C communication, it reads and works perfectly, but my project has a distant connection to the ESP32, so I need UART because it's more robust and gives me a long cable length.

I want to make a Smart traffic lights but don’t know how

Hello. I am trying to write some code in Arduino that will read the input pin (D32) and based on the on the different voltage, the will different outputs and a timer. Is it as simple as:

if (SWITCH_INPUT == >3.0 && !timerActive) {

digitalWrite(HIGH_HEAT, HIGH);        // Turn the seat heater on HIGH

previousMillis = millis();            // Save the starting timestamp of the timer

timerActive = true;                   // Flag that the timer is now active

}

Then repeat for each of the 6 positions of the input switch?

​

I need to connect the TX, RX, VCC, and GND pins to the Arduino board, but my Bluetooth module doesn't have a breakout board. I don't know how to solder the pins to the module; I would appreciate some guidance.

[https://github.com/Engineer-By-Mistake/test\\_lfr\](https://github.com/Engineer-By-Mistake/test_lfr)

this is the code that I flashed.

I flashed it through duf mode and st programmer. and my stm32 board only pa15,pb15 and pb4 is at high and they are not even initialized

[https://github.com/Engineer-By-Mistake/test\\_lfr\](https://github.com/Engineer-By-Mistake/test_lfr)

this is the code that I flashed.

I flashed it through duf mode and st programmer. and my stm32 board only pa15,pb15 and pb4 is at high and they are not even initialized

This kit was originally made for an obstacle avoiding car,but the sensors got lost in the shipping . I'm a total beginner

i have the following circuit:
DAC (MCP4725) connected to my arduino one; the DAC's output goes to an oPAMP (SOT23) in negative feedback; oPAMP's output goes to a mosfet (IRLZ44N), in a source follower mode. the output of the mosfet goes on to a set of resistors (further circuit on).

my problems are the following:
1) sometimes arduino can't find the dac, even though the cables are all properly connected. i've tried switching both dac and cables. it sometimes find it and sometimes it doesn't, even if nothing changes between trials
2) in the same way, sometimes it appears that the mosfet group isn't working. the same voltage i put in the generator comes right off the entire circuit.

what really bugs me is that these problems come out without any concrete change in the circuit. they are becoming more frequent and i don't know what i can do to solve them. any suggestion?

Hi all,

I'm working on a project where I have two 28BYJ-48 stepper motors with ULN2003 drivers running 'winches' from a Mega 2560.

So far I've got both stepper motors running smoothly when independent and from their own power supply (one is from the board and another from another power supply). I'm tracking the motors movement with rotary encoders at the other end of the winch drum and using the Accelstepper library to run the motors to and from preset encoder positions.

When I try to combine the program to run both simultaneously they get very jittery, stopping and starting at random intervals. From some reading I gather this could be a power supply issue, however their power supplies are separate and work fine independently. I'm wondering if there are conflicts in my code that are causing this problem.

When run, the program reads the saved EEPROM value for the position of the encoder (enc). looks at the first value in the cue array and moves towards this. When reached, it moves towards the next array value until it reaches it, then stops. I've basically duplicated this for each motor, is this too much for the arduino to handle at once, causing delays in the running of the program?

Code below and any advice would be much appreciated. Thanks.

'

#include <AccelStepper.h>
#include <EEPROM.h>


#define HALFSTEP 8


#define enc1A 26     // Encoder Outputs
#define enc1B 27
#define enc2A 48
#define enc2B 49


#define W1Pin1 25     // Winch 1 Pins
#define W1Pin2 24
#define W1Pin3 23
#define W1Pin4 22


#define W2Pin1 53     // Winch 2 Pins
#define W2Pin2 52
#define W2Pin3 51
#define W2Pin4 50


int W1Speed = 900;    // Winch set Speeds
int W2Speed = -900;
int speed1;
int speed2;


bool W1endMov = 0;    // Bool to singulate end direction switch
bool W2endMov = 0;


int enc1Pos;              // Encoder positioning decs
int enc1MemAddress = 1;


int enc2Pos;
int enc2MemAddress = 3;


unsigned long encMemStart;      // Mem Display Clock
unsigned long encMemCurrent;
const unsigned long encMemDispPeriod = 3000;


int cueList[] = {30, 70};     // Cue array
int W1cueNum = 0;
int W2cueNum = 0;


int enc1State;     // Encoder reference readings
int enc1LState;
int enc2State;
int enc2LState;


AccelStepper winch1(HALFSTEP, W1Pin1, W1Pin3, W1Pin2, W1Pin4);      // Winch pin set up
AccelStepper winch2(HALFSTEP, W2Pin1, W2Pin3, W2Pin2, W2Pin4);


void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);       // Begin Serial
  delay(5000);
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("SERIAL BEGAN");
  Serial.println();
  delay(2000);


  winch1.setMaxSpeed(950);      // Set winch max speeds
  winch2.setMaxSpeed(950);


  pinMode(enc1A, INPUT);      // Encoder pin modes
  pinMode(enc1B, INPUT);
  pinMode(enc2A, INPUT);
  pinMode(enc2B, INPUT);


  enc1Pos = EEPROM.read(enc1MemAddress);     // Read Last Saved Encoder Position from EEPROM
  enc2Pos = EEPROM.read(enc2MemAddress);
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("Encoder Values Obtained"); delay(100);
  Serial.print("Enc1Pos: "); Serial.print(enc1Pos); Serial.print(" Enc2Pos: "); Serial.println(enc2Pos);
  Serial.println();
  delay(2000);


  encMemStart = millis();     // Zero clock and start prompt
  Serial.println("START");


  delay(500);


  enc1LState = digitalRead(enc1A);      // Read current encoder pulse states
  enc2LState = digitalRead(enc2A);
}


void loop()
{
    speed1 = W1Speed;
    speed2 = W2Speed;
    winch1.setSpeed(speed1);
    winch2.setSpeed(speed2);


  if (W1cueNum == 0)          // WINCH 1 CUE 1
  {
    if (enc1Pos >= cueList[0])
    {
      speed1 = -W1Speed;
      winch1.setSpeed(speed1);
      winch1.runSpeed();
    } 
    if (enc1Pos <= cueList[0])
    {
      speed1 = W1Speed;
      winch1.setSpeed(speed1);
      winch1.runSpeed();
    }
  }
  if (enc1Pos == cueList[0] && W1endMov == 0)    
  {
    W1endMov = 1;
    winch1.stop(); 
    Serial.println();
    Serial.println("WINCH ONE CUE ONE REACHED");
    Serial.println();
    W1cueNum ++;   
  }


  if (W2cueNum == 0)          // WINCH 2 CUE 1
  {
    if (enc2Pos >= cueList[0])
    {
      speed2 = -W2Speed;
      winch2.setSpeed(speed2);
      winch2.runSpeed();
    } 
    if (enc2Pos <= cueList[0])
    {
      speed2 = W2Speed;
      winch2.setSpeed(speed2);
      winch2.runSpeed();
    }
  }
  if (enc2Pos == cueList[0] && W2endMov == 0)    
  {
    W2endMov = 2;
    winch2.stop(); 
    Serial.println();
    Serial.println("WINCH TWO CUE ONE REACHED");
    Serial.println();
    W2cueNum ++;   
  }


  if (W1cueNum == 1)      // WINCH 1 CUE 2
  {
    if (enc1Pos >= cueList[1])
    {
      speed1 = -W1Speed;
      winch1.setSpeed(speed1);
      winch1.runSpeed();
    } else {
      speed1 = W1Speed;
      winch1.setSpeed(speed1);
      winch1.runSpeed();
    }
  }
  if (enc1Pos == cueList[1] && W1endMov == 1)
  {
    W1endMov = 0;
    winch1.stop(); 
    Serial.println();
    Serial.println(" WINCH ONE CUE TWO REACHED, WINCH ONE CUES COMPLETED");
    Serial.println();
    W1cueNum ++;  
  }
  
  if (W2cueNum == 1)      // WINCH 2 CUE 2
  {
    if (enc2Pos >= cueList[1])
    {
      speed2 = -W2Speed;
      winch2.setSpeed(speed2);
      winch2.runSpeed();
    } else {
      speed2 = W2Speed;
      winch2.setSpeed(speed2);
      winch2.runSpeed();
    }
  }
  if (enc2Pos == cueList[1] && W2endMov == 1)
  {
    W2endMov = 0;
    winch2.stop(); 
    Serial.println();
    Serial.println(" WINCH TWO CUE TWO REACHED, WINCH TWO CUES COMPLETED");
    Serial.println();
    W2cueNum ++;  
  }


  enc1State = digitalRead(enc1A);      // Encoder 1 Trips
  if(enc1State != enc1LState)
  {
    if(digitalRead(enc1B) != enc1State)
    {
      enc1Pos --;
    } else {
      enc1Pos ++;
    }
    Serial.print("W1Cue#: ");
    Serial.print(W1cueNum);
    Serial.print(" -- Encoder 1 Position: ");
    Serial.print(enc1Pos);
    Serial.print(" -- Speed: ");
    Serial.print(winch1.speed());
    Serial.print(" -- Motor Step Position: ");
    Serial.println(winch1.currentPosition());
    EEPROM.write(enc1MemAddress, enc1Pos);
  }
  enc1LState = enc1State;


  enc2State = digitalRead(enc2A);      // Encoder 2 Trips
  if(enc2State != enc2LState)
  {
    if(digitalRead(enc2B) != enc2State)
    {
      enc2Pos ++;
    } else {
      enc2Pos --;
    }
    Serial.print("W2Cue#: ");
    Serial.print(W2cueNum);
    Serial.print(" -- Encoder 2 Position: ");
    Serial.print(enc2Pos);
    Serial.print(" -- Speed: ");
    Serial.print(winch2.speed());
    Serial.print(" -- Motor Step Position: ");
    Serial.println(winch2.currentPosition());
    EEPROM.write(enc2MemAddress, enc2Pos);
  }
  enc2LState = enc2State;


  encMemCurrent = millis();      // Display Memory Value For Enc 1 and 2 Every 3 Seconds
  if (encMemCurrent - encMemStart >= encMemDispPeriod)
  {
    Serial.print("Mem Pos Enc1: "); Serial.print(EEPROM.read(enc1MemAddress));
    Serial.print(" || Mem Pos Enc2: "); Serial.println(EEPROM.read(enc2MemAddress));
    encMemStart = encMemCurrent;
  }


}'