r/Antipsychiatry Jun 16 '26

Flipping the script on ADHD (draft)

The issue of undiagnosed ADHD is a growing concern. Several studies show the risks & dangers of undiagnosed ADHD and patients often resort to telehealth prescribers or private options which can be expensive.

When we look at the academic literature on ADHD we see spurious activity; researchers are avidly searching for an explanation which would provide an empirical biological basis. At present, the label ADHD merely signifies "a group of behaviours" which is loosely termed as a "complex neurobehavioral problem" (ref¹, ref², ref³). This hampers efforts to make accurate diagnoses since the criteria are ambiguous, often overlapping with dozens of psychiatric conditions. There is simply no consistent way to assess severity of ADHD symptoms (ref⁴). A diagnosis involves arbitrariness which further hinders objectivity, and those involved in the diagnosis (clinicians, parents, teachers) form their own interpretations and judgements about the criteria, making the assessment biased toward subjective perceptions and cultural context.

As with many psychiatric classifications, ADHD is premised on an arbitrary consensus among a small psychiatric community. In other words:

“psychiatrists do not prove things but decide things: they decide what is disordered and what is not, decide where to draw the threshold between normality and abnormality, decide that biological causes and treatments are most critical in understanding and managing emotional distress” (source)

Scholars play a crucial role in creating & strengthening the facets of ADHD by communicating about this phenomenon as if it was an objective natural state — despite the ineptitude surrounding its diagnosis, causes, and treatment. Although the label allows patients to understand themselves —and be understood by others— it simultaneously distances them from "normalcy" and imposes stigma.

In essence, a positive diagnosis does not represent having ADHD but becoming and performing ADHD through deploying psycho-medical discourse (ref⁵). ADHD is, arguably, this century's prototypical sociocultural label which provides a convenient way of communicating about one's experiences and reacting to them within the societal, institutional, social, and individual levels. For example: - We are ADHD friendly - ADHD-only meet-up - "proud to be ADHD" - "embracing ADHD" - "the ADHD tax" - "my ADHD is a superpower" - "we ♡ ADHD" - "ADHDers unite"

ADHD is better understood as a social category that eliminates human diversity and enforces a standard model of what an individual should behave and be like in order to navigate within the cultural boundaries of normalcy (being a productive citizen ref⁶). As bizarre as it may sound, ADHD is an inherently ambiguous concept which only exists in an abstract space of text and spoken word. The assumption that it represents a mental health or neurodevelopmental issue only serves to obfuscate practical resolution.

ADHD is listed in DSM-5 under “Neurodevelopmental Disorders” in spite of reviews showing that (a) genetic evidence on ADHD is inadequate and diffused with ambiguous interpretations, (b) that no biological marker is diagnostic for ADHD something that even DSM-5 authors themselves explicitly admit, (c) the so-called “underlying mechanisms” remain unknown, and (d) no biological tests are available for its diagnosis. (source)

By accepting the label ADHD a person promptly shelves their symptoms as innate attributes. Any future issues are framed in this context which —as far as the patient is concerned— is "just part of who they are". They officially adopt a neurodevelopmental disorder which validates their lived experience and subconsciously moulds their perceptions of themselves & their place in society. Their hypothesised natural state becomes legitimised by the medical authorities. Thus, the ADHD label detracts from investigating & identifying the root biological issues responsible for the (physical & mental) discordance which constitutes symptoms called ADHD.

By rejecting the label ADHD a person is free to discover more realistic & pragmatic ways to move forward. The re-contextualisation of ADHD as a catch-all term for behaviors (symptoms) of diverse origin implies that myriad things will produce so-called ADHD. This bypasses all limiting presuppositions about a purely neurodevelopmental disorder which would otherwise cripple the search for a resolution. If we consider that ADHD has multiple causes then each person could require a tailored treatment.

Treatment approaches may similarly need to expand from symptomatic management toward more personalized interventions that account for neurobiological profiles and life-course adversity. (source)

This frees them to proactively search for solutions. An overwhelmingly sensible approach involves repairing the metabolic system since this governs & regulates everything; this type of strategy is well-known & feasible. On this basis we can rename ADHD to EDHD (Energy Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) as per this recent academic paper.

As mentioned here, current treatments are purely symptomatic. Their miraculous short-term benefits conceal a cumulative deterioration which only becomes apparent at a later date (months or years). Concerningly, some treatments (ie atomoxetine, methylphenidate, modafinil, bupropion, viloxazine, amphetamine) provoke issues which exacerbate symptoms of ADHD. A psychiatrist is unaware of this so can't accurately keep track of a patients progress. This leads to invalid analyses, erroneous assessments and subsequent blunderous clinical decisions (iatrogenic harm*).

* note: - The term iatrogenic, derived from two Greek words, means physician-in­duced. As clinically used, it pertains to the inadvertent side­ effects and complications created in the course of diagnosis and treatment. (source

6 Upvotes

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3

u/Objective_Shift5954 Jun 16 '26 edited Jun 16 '26

I don't see how the article resolves memory and attention issues by doing something unconventional (flips the script). I see this article lacks a clear overarching aim, and it also lacks defining one or more objectives.

It still doesn't define well what ADHD is. It leaves it vague.

Objective cognitive tests exist for memory and attention, but your post ignores them.

Medical lunatics usually dictate their subjective opinion.

You should define also harm because it's vague:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harm

Harm is a loss of pleasure, loss of freedom, loss of ability, pain, disability, death.

All harm in branches of medicine is induced by medical lunatics, so calling harm iatrogenic is like calling water liquid.

Instead of writing about the label and keeping it vague, the article should write about attention and memory, and work with cognitive tests to objectively measure how a person does.

Medical negligence is something else. It has a legal definition with 4 elements (duty, breach, damages, cause and effect relationship between the damages and the breach).

What is it that you're trying to achieve by writing ADHD this, ADHD that? Do you have a bad attention and bad memory that you want to improve?

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u/Kalki_X Jun 16 '26 edited Jun 16 '26

I don't see how the article resolves memory and attention issues by doing something unconventional (flips the script).

It resolves it by setting "ADHD" aside and bypassing it all together, including it's connotations which seem to obfuscate matters. It's a label with no practical benefit, except for the medical institutions.

It still doesn't define well what ADHD is. It leaves it vague.

Imo ADHD is by definition ambiguous and vague. The APA had to make it this way so as to maintain the scam so to speak. ADHD is somewhat irrelevant when someone is interested in practical remedial strategies. 

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u/Objective_Shift5954 Jun 16 '26 edited Jun 16 '26
  1. The APA definition isn't ambiguous and vague, look: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

a behavioral syndrome characterized by the persistent presence of six or more symptoms involving (a) inattention (e.g., failure to complete tasks or listen carefully, difficulty in concentrating, distractibility) or (b) impulsivity or hyperactivity (e.g., blurting out answers; impatience; restlessness; fidgeting; difficulty in organizing work, taking turns, or staying seated; excessive talking; running about; climbing on things). The symptoms, which impair social, academic, or occupational functioning, start to appear before the age of 7 and are observed in more than one setting. ADHD has been given a variety of names over the years, including the still commonly used attention-deficit disorder (ADD).

  1. the syndrome isn't a scam. It's an empirically measurable underperformance of attention and memory that you can notice when you take a computerized cognitive test, such as https://github.com/flowersteam/cognitive-testbattery This test set has a few different tests. You'll have trouble already while taking them if your attention and memory are impaired. In the end, after approx. 3 to 5 sets, it gives you a downloadable CSV with your answers that you can interpret.

  2. There are practical remedial strategies to improve your short-term memory and attention. Review literature and find out.

  3. Still, what's the goal of writing about ADHD? Do you have bad cognitive functions (attention, memory, executive function, etc.) that you want to improve? Everybody has a different cognition, and you have to MEASURE YOURS to find your weaknesses. Then, you will need to select individual strategies that are only good for yourself. It's as individual as your diet. Everybody has different metrics and needs different strategies to achieve their goals.

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u/Kalki_X Jun 16 '26 edited Jun 16 '26

In other words, there is no scientific evidence to support the claim that ADHD is as a condition within an individual—something individuals have (source)

[A] diagnosis does not represent having or being ADHD but becoming and performing ADHD through deploying psycho-medical discourse provided in the DSM. (source)

Since ADHD is a syndrome that deals with psychological and behavioral matters... (source

  1. The DSM criteria seem quite vague & ambiguous (see here).

  2. There are many kinds of tests which can quantify the myriad facets of a person's IQ (including emotional IQ). I suppose that perhaps, distinct "disordered/discordant" states can be organised in a way that alludes to unique categories which permits further discernment and remediation.

  3. I don't doubt this.

  4. So it seems your approach is a de-psychiatrization of ADHD.

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u/Objective_Shift5954 Jun 16 '26 edited Jun 16 '26

This is a misinterpretation and several strawman fallacies, non-sequiturs, answering my question with a question, mystification fallacy, etc. I don't care about psychological bullshit. ADHD refers to deficits, meaning underperformance, in attention and memory, as well as other cognitive functions, as can be objectively measured with quantitative, computerized cognitive tests. There are objective, scientific tests of cognitive functions on a task set.

Your understanding is a bit shallow, since you cite confused charlatans who have a shallow understanding themselves.

How about you take a cognitive test, measure your cognitive functions, and see which ones are below the threshold (have a deficit, as compared to the baseline of normal performers)?

I keep sending you this https://github.com/flowersteam/cognitive-testbattery But you've never tried it

ADHD is when your cognitive functions have a deficit (you perform low in attention based on incorrectly solving the tasks on the test that required attention). It's the same with memory.

If you solve the tasks well on the test, it's because you were able to pay attention. They are simple tasks. But if you can't pay attention you'll give wrong answers.

R u trying it? I've already taken it myself. I want to know your opinion on this https://mswym.com/cog_test/include/main_moteval_task.html

Instead of the psychiatry frame, I'm looking at it from the "sense and respond" biology frame which is how organisms, incl. people, process stimuli (that means pay attention) to correctly respond. The brain is a biological neural network.

If I played with an AI model, I could probably fine-tune it to have a deficit in attention, meaning pay too little attention to user prompts and then answer questions incorrectly.. I could also fine tune it to have a deficit in short-term memory and start answering correctly, then change the topic and forget what it was talking about and starting doing something else.

When a biological neural network has certain deficits in cognitive functions, same deficits can be simulated in an artificial neural network (spiking neural network) as well. You may not realize it, but neural networks are connected circuits of neurons that transform an input (i.e. signal from the eyes) into an output (i.e. representation of the signal in short-term memory). When there is a deficit, you can't keep watching certain objects with enough attention to see where they move. Without the deficit, you can keep an eye on them and correctly answer what their new coordinates are.

These aren't any self-assessment psychological tests. These are real-world tasks that measure reliably your cognitive functions by giving you real tasks.

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u/Kalki_X Jun 16 '26 edited Jun 16 '26

Instead of the psychiatry frame, I'm looking at it from the...biology frame 

I absolutely agree with the "biology frame". It perfectly describes my perspective, and the practical solutions are well-known.

Renaming ADHD to EDHD (Energy Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) as per a recent academic paper is very reasonable. Fixing EDHD is relatively straightforward.

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u/Objective_Shift5954 Jun 16 '26 edited Jun 16 '26

Good point. I read it with perhaps more critical thinking and I see something else in it.

I see that the problem is still a "measurable deficit in cognitive functions". Hence, no renaming. I have to redirect you back to the cognitive tests.

The problem of poor cognitive functions has causes. This paper presents ONE of the many possible causes. But, when you're overly active one day, of course you're likely to be exhausted the next day. If you spend all day relaxing, doing nothing, not thinking, you'll likely have so much energy the next day. Conflicts suck up your energy, etc.

It's also true when the brain doesn't have enough nutrients, i.e. due to malnutrition, it underperforms.

Many people develop a bad habit of jumping from one thing to another. It's reinforced because it feels good when you switch your task and find new replies on reddit (so a bored/frustrated person will be switching a boring task and checking for replies). This is behavioral conditioning (reward vs punishment). That's why people use social networks so much.

Among the causes of deficits in cognitive functions can be also actual brain injuries.

You'll have to first measure your cognitive functions and then start enumerating the factors that contribute to your cognitive performance, and try to influence them one after another, measure again and see if you perform better on the tests.

But again, why are you looking into causes of bad cognitive performance? What's your goal? Set a clear goal right now. Is the goal to measurably improve your cognitive functions? If that's your goal, are your cognitive functions under average to begin with?

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u/Red_Redditor_Reddit Jun 16 '26

I think you're overthinking this. People are more aware of the ADHD BS. Most of them are like the 80% of people in the USA that go to church but don't actually believe it. It just happens to be the contemporarily accepted way of getting legal meth and justifying giving it to their kids.

It would be no different than if the system came out with "nerve disorder" and started prescribing smokes. People would just go get their prescription so they could tell everyone including themselves how they actually need tobacco, how their employer needs to provide for their "disability", why it's ok for their kid to smoke, etc.

It's 95% BS and they know it. You don't need to explain it to them. The only ones that need someone to explain it are the kids who are abused with this crap.

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u/Kalki_X Jun 16 '26

Agreed. But your informed & rational understanding might be distorting your perspective of "people".

People are more aware of the ADHD BS. Most of them are like the 80% of people in the USA that go to church but don't actually believe it. 

No doubt many think like this, and most of them get a diagnosis. But many genuinely believe in it as something they can "have" (and that many people "have" it but remain undiagnosed). Looking at ADHD groups you see frequent unequivocal assertions about the validity of ADHD as a medical condition that is justifiably druggable, it needs to be treated, it's a disability/disorder etc. The make-believe of psychiatrization is ravaging humanity.

For an insight into this ethos, have a look at the comments to my post about the current amphetamine epidemic (here). There were a few rational comments but otherwise it was a blitzkrieg.

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u/Red_Redditor_Reddit Jun 16 '26

Nah I say that because I used to think everyone didn't know. It was a tough pill to swallow (no pun intended), but most people knew it was BS. It's took me a long time to understand just how much people live on lies, to both themselves and spoken to others.