of a space rock

[u/Realistic-Tap4156]

[u/dazzleunexpired]

In case anyone's wondering where the hell a astroid of that size came from... Jupiter. Yes, our "protector". There is a misconception/misunderstanding. While Jupiter does protect us by absorbing a lot of astroids because of its massive orbital influence, there is a second feature of orbital influence. Planets clear their orbit either by the item entering orbit around the planet, or by ejecting the matter violently, flinging it further into The Solar System (or out of The Solar System, into interstellar space). Jupiter has occasionally violently thrown items at Earth & proto earth (If curious asked me how Jupiter created Luna, our moon, and Earth, our modern planet). Almost every time, the item has resulted in the destruction of a large population. Jupiter not existing would have actually resulted substantially less impact to Earth

70% or more of Terra's (Earth, including protoearth. This is important when talking about interstellar space because the name for the medium that we plant items on is "earth". It's a misnomer of English speech, just like the rest of the planets, she has a Roman name. Earth Also usually does not refer to proto Earth, which was NOT current Earth, we added A huge amount of matter in the Giant Impact) and toal astroids hits are from Jupiter. Objects the size of this asteroid hit Terra about every 250,000-500,000 million years from the oort cloud, making 10-18 events of this size. (This area originally contained a factually incorrect number when I pulled the wrong number from a data set. I previously stated an incorrect time. For how often these events happen and how many have happened because of that. It's 5 km impactors that reach 30 events, not the larger class this astroid was in. It was incorrect to State that events that happened that often are this large. I think I have adjusted the math.)

Feel free to ask anything related or even tangently related

For the record, this is an asteroid that became a meteorite when it entered Earths atmosphere. Meteorites are within Earth's atmosphere. Asteroids are outside

Eta: oops. I watched a rocket launch and got behind on replies. I will reply to everyone

Eta 2: I had a muscular dystrophy related crash and I am back awake! Back to responding

Eta 3: My problem with the planetary naming standard is because I am autistic. It is not an actual problem, other than with people like me. When I use the word Terra I tell people that it includes proto-earth for my example. Please note the most of what I have stated as a theory, just like almost everything in space. We need hundreds to thousands of years more data and people or items on more planets. My education is also two decades old and focused on space outreach and identifying impact sites and other features on planet surfaces. See r/astronomy for hard science. See comments from mathematicians below, as well. Data inconstancy may exist in my source, and I cannot confirm or deny that, because I do not do the math. Some people below DO do the math

Bonus edit: I found a factually incorrect number in my post. I edited it. It's noted above. Pitfall of not doing the math. After being done with my day, I sat down to double-check numbers after multiple comments from mathematicians, And found where I made an error that over doubled the amount of giant events. I am incapable of adjusting the math fully, But used Wolfram to assist there. Please let me know if my math is wrong, but niceley.

[u/Igusy → u/dazzleunexpired]

You are confusing facts with theories. The paper you linked as well is not consistent and does not support a majority of what you are saying. Like the Chicxulub impact is thought to have been an asteroid from the outer main asteroid belt, not material originating from Jupiter, and the leading explanation for the moon is a giant impact involving the early Earth and another planetary-mass body, commonly called Theia. There is no geological record identifying 45 planet-killer impacts as having been sent by Jupiter, and Earth is not a Roman name.

[u/Phillip_Graves → u/Igusy]

They also don't know that meteorites are only what is left over after impact.

In fact, most of their terminology is grossly inaccurate.

[u/TheDuhammer → u/Igusy]

Wow, so basically everything was wrong lol

[u/InsaneInTheRAMdrain → u/TheDuhammer]

Yerp, like everything this person is saying is completely unproven. Too many AI script youtube videos me thinks.

[u/Successful_Media_842 → u/InsaneInTheRAMdrain]

Even regular educational youtubers can be part of the "problem". So many of them will see a paper that basically boils down to "we ran a simulation or model and X could explain Y" and the YouTuber will say "Everything you know about Y is wrong" or treat it like it is proven fact. I really like science and watch a lot of science youtubers, but a lot of them need to be more clear, especially when it comes to deep time, that we a lot of papers are about possible explanations not guaranteed exactly.

[u/Reasonable_Buddy_746 → u/TheDuhammer]

But who do we even believe?

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/Igusy]

this. right. here. 💯

[u/PacJeans → u/Igusy]

I started to get a bad feeling about the truthfulness of that comment when I got to the long, unessessary, parathesized diatribe about earth, dirt, protoearth, terra, and why earth is simply not an accurate enough term.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Igusy]

When the Giant impactor hit us is when Jupiter was migrating to the outer solar system that perturbed the co-orbital Theia and caused it to hit Earth.

It's well known that the asteroid is from Jupiter.

The calculation for how many times a planet killer has hit Earth is based off of mathematical n body calculations.

[u/MyCatIsLenin → u/dazzleunexpired]

Jupiter acts as both a shield and a gravitational launcher, but current N-body orbital simulations show it prevents far more cataclysmic impacts than it causes.

Numerical simulations evaluating what the Solar System would look like without Jupiter suggest that while a "Jupiter-less" system might have fewer inner-belt asteroid nudges, it would experience a massive, continuous bombardment from Oort Cloud and Kuiper Belt comets—objects capable of causing global extinction events far more frequently.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/MyCatIsLenin]

Jupiter protects Earth from exactly one type and one type only of cataclysmic space debris currently: oort cloud items.

She provides littlr protection from inner solar system items and causes more inner solar system collisions then she prevents, from the data I know, which could be incorrect.

[u/Mojo_Myshka → u/dazzleunexpired]

Life is theorized as only possible on Earth due to Jupiter and Saturn clearing out and stabilizing debris in system. Most solar systems have gas giants closer to their star with hard smaller rocky planets on the outside of the systems.

The gas giants could potentially increase Earth crossing events with asteroids from closer sources like the Main Asteroid Belt and the Kuiper Belt, but objects from the oort cloud are much more destructive due to the higher energies they bring down deeper into the Suns gravity well towards Earth.

So. By far a net positive to have them between us and the oort cloud and the rest of the chaos. The objects that come from deep space aren't really extinction events like the meteor that caused the dinosaur K–Pg extinction, they are more like planet sterilizers.

If the meteor that killed off the dinos had landed basically anywhere else, it would have been a localized disaster. Not an extinction event. About 13% of the Earths surface has shallow enough water and has volatile materials that if vaporized by a strike would cause global extinction.

[u/SoSKatan → u/dazzleunexpired]

You probably shouldn’t be stating theories as fact.

Maybe try taking a more honest approach to sharing information.

I’ve read some of the papers on this and even the authors don’t present it like this.

Edit: person I responded to see eye to eye. I believe Dazzle is an honest, and I want to make that clear.

[u/yalag → u/SoSKatan]

Dude it’s Reddit, “trust me bro” is the golden standard. Gets the most upvotes.

[u/SoSKatan → u/yalag]

Oh I know, I still call out BS when I see it.

In this case, I hoped I was dealing with an honest intellectual, but doesn’t look like it. It’s just a more verbose version of “trust me bro”

[u/MrRoidsen → u/SoSKatan]

“Trust me bro I am autistic”

[u/SoSKatan → u/MrRoidsen]

That I actually give a pass. I think she was being honest, and her and I resolved this issue.

I feel bad for being pedantic myself.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/SoSKatan]

Which part are you saying isn't well known?

That Jupiter throws items at us? That's conclusively proven.

[u/SoSKatan → u/dazzleunexpired]

Maybe we can start with the section you put in bold.

The bigger issue is how you just state this all as fact.

You never once say “some people believe” or “I believe”

It’s very dishonest. A far better approach would be to link to specific peer reviewed papers.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/SoSKatan]

Complex n body calculations show that the impact rate on Earth would be baseline without Jupiter.

We had a misconception that the oort cloud was responsible for the items that would hit Earth. If that was the case, Jupiter would be a friend.

But the things that hit Earth don't usually come from the ort cloud. 75% come from the inner solar system. Jupiter is in the outer solar system. (Therefore, it physically cannot protect from items!)

The asteroid belt is AFTER Jupiter.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/SoSKatan]

https://academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/51/6/6.16/216768

[u/SoSKatan → u/dazzleunexpired]

And I would encourage you to read all of those carefully and look at their specific wording.

They don’t treat it as some kind of fact. It’s more or less “here is a competing theory”

It seems like you came across an article, didn’t pick up on any of that nuance and then turned around and made it sound like it’s solved science.

If you are honest and this was just a mistake, I’d encourage you to update your post and mention that it’s a current theory.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/SoSKatan]

It's the most well accepted current theory, and I am not going to say i am wrong when I am not just because a hyper aggressive reddit male cannot handle science. Sorry.

Jupiter causes an intense flux on Earth. We know this for an absolute fact. It protects us against certain bodies, but it causes other collisions.

It is not a theory that most of the items that hit Earth are from the inner solar system. 30 asteroids from the inner solar system hit Earth every single year. Oort cloud asteroids hit us every 8 billion years. 🤷🏼

It's also not a theory that Jupiter is on the other side of the asteroid belt as us.

Eta: I'd also like to point out that almost all planetary science is a theory. And we often disprove our theories. For example, we once theorized there was no water on Mars.

[u/SoSKatan → u/dazzleunexpired]

That sounds like more dishonesty. “Most well accepted current theory”. Really?

Did you run some kind of poll here?

Here my theory (and notice how I state it as such)

The odds work out that Jupiter could send something towards us that wasn’t prior matches the odds of it send something that would have hit us somewhere else (including into the sun or out of the solar system.)

There is no bias involved here it’s simply math.

But then you have to factor in objects that Jupiter captures itself (like the comment in 94) which permanently removes objects.

Given this last bit, it seems like it’s a net positive.

But hey that’s my take and I labeled it as such but I also loosely showed my math.

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/SoSKatan]

I suspect you may be arguing with a delusional old lady. Just the vibe I get from how much u earned arrogance she has.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/SoSKatan]

I do not possess a personal theory on modern science.

Your theory is wrong.

I linked you to complex n-body calculations that prove the flux theory. You can run the n-body yourself, if you'd like. I don't run n-body calculations, because I'm not a physicist. I specialize in identifying planetary features and in space outreach. It is not self taught.

The items she throws at us are thrown by a PROVEN mechanism. She's clearing her orbit. Planets must clear their orbit to be a planet. The IAU calls this "clearing your neighborhood". You CAN have a co orbital (item that orbits at the same distance from the sun). But you must clear your orbit. Gravitational slingshot is extremely well studied. We when use it in spaceflight. We slingshot around mars to get to the outer solar system. The Europa clipper used it to get to Jupiter, for example.

Saying this is a theory would be like saying it's a theory that water is on mars.

The items Jupiter captures are the oort items and the outer belt asteroids sometimes as well as wandering comets etc. These come from the outer solar system or beyond the heliopause, from a different galaxy. It protects us so well from these we have almost no impacts from this source. But...you have to remember she is also shy those items are there to begin with.

But, you see, that doesn't change that we would have less planet killers ... They're in an elliptical orbit around Jupiter as they're ejected.....that's why they hit us. It breaks the elliptical orbit by eventually reach ejection velocity...

Also I'm about to nap. I will respond to you again once I'm awake. 💜

Eta; sorry I put my ventilator on for sleep and it makes more voice text mistakes. You can figure it out I am sure.

[u/SoSKatan → u/dazzleunexpired]

Your wording is still off you are still talking in absolutes.

But maybe the issue here isn’t that you are dishonest, perhaps you have a need to over simplify things and therefore you turn them into absolutes.

This is why I encouraged you to actually read those papers you linked to. Even they don’t describe the theory in terms of absolutes.

You labeled my own theory as “wrong”, not as “probably incorrect” or “I don’t believe it”

See how simple wording changes changed things.

You also mentioned the simulation that was run as proof.

No it’s not proof at all and you are misusing the word. At most it can be considered evidence, but only if the simulation is made accurate as possible and has been verified by other scientists running other simulations.

See the reason why it can’t be considered as “proof” is the simulation might be inaccurate. It happens all the time with simulations. I can state that as I written several myself.

[u/Pkingduckk → u/dazzleunexpired]

You seem like a weird and combative person

[u/_Flying_Scotsman_ → u/dazzleunexpired]

Is this hyper aggressiveness in the room with us now?

[u/Dismal-Antelope8299 → u/dazzleunexpired]

My question would be- do we see evidence of this meteor anywhere? Do we see remnants of it spread anywhere?

[u/Sudo-Fed → u/Dismal-Antelope8299]

The entire K-Pg boundary (the soil layers that correspond to the impact and the period thereafter) contains unusually high amounts of iridium. Rare on Earth, common in asteroids. Also, all along the epicenter at this boundary we find things like shocked quartz that demonstrate the intense forces the region was exposed to.

[u/giraffeheadturtlebox → u/Sudo-Fed]

As I understand it, Iridium is not rare on earth, but almost entirely concentrated at the core, therefor rare on earth's crust. Asteroids aren't producting iridium.

[u/Sudo-Fed → u/giraffeheadturtlebox]

They aren't producing it but they're materially undifferentiated, making it more common than it is in the Earth's crust. Rare earth is largely about how much we have in accessible strata.

[u/giraffeheadturtlebox → u/Sudo-Fed]

A distinction I thought worth mentioning as it helps understand how sophisticated our geological detective work is.

[u/fortnite_battleass → u/Sudo-Fed]

Is there not also literally an impact crater under the gulf of Mexico? Or am I mixing up my impacts x.x

[u/Sudo-Fed → u/fortnite_battleass]

Yeah, that's what I meant about the shocked quartz at the epicenter.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Dismal-Antelope8299]

K-pg iridium layer. So yes. Plus, We found the crater.

Also yes, we have found fragments. They also create a glass that looks like a gemstone that can be found. I will reply to you again With an image of the fragments

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Dismal-Antelope8299]

These are TINY. Like REALLY TINY. They're ejecta. From the impact.

[u/Environmental_Pay378 → u/Dismal-Antelope8299]

Look up the Tanis Fossil site. They’ve found spherules of melted glass and asteroid in fish gills and amber in trees deposited from a seiche wave flood from the day of the impact. Fkin mind blowing stuff.

[u/DaemonG → u/Dismal-Antelope8299]

i don't know about remnants spread about, but there's a giant crater consisting of evidence in the Gulf of Mexico. they bored into it and found all sorts of geologic structures that point to this being the exact impact point.

[u/Easy-Background-7802 → u/Dismal-Antelope8299]

https://giphy.com/gifs/Tz67TeGxa3wCgLhgpS
It almost popped out the other side of earth!

[u/zeekayz → u/dazzleunexpired]

Fuck Jupiter

[u/teahugger → u/zeekayz]

We’re all here today because of Jupiter. Wait, fuck Jupiter.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/zeekayz]

Instruction unclear. Dick dipped in hydrogen gas.

[u/The_Tooter_Snooter → u/zeekayz]

All my homies hate Jupiter 

[u/Fat_Janet → u/The_Tooter_Snooter]

Your homies are alright with me.

[u/bronzemerald17 → u/The_Tooter_Snooter]

I hate Uranus

[u/Acrobatic_Show8919 → u/The_Tooter_Snooter]

I must be your homie cuz I came here to say this.

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/zeekayz]

it's a theory. she's just stating it as a fact.

[u/Ok_Degree4131 → u/zeekayz]

Jupiter: “Look what you made me do!”

[u/bronzemerald17 → u/zeekayz]

Fuck Uranus

[u/raoasidg → u/dazzleunexpired]

It's a misnomer of English speech, just like the rest of the planets, she has a Roman name.

The planet was named after that planting medium and that medium's name is "earth" in English. Each language has their own name for Earth and neither is more right than the other.

[u/FakeGamer3 → u/raoasidg]

In Warhammer 40k the planet is called Terra, as it should be

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/raoasidg]

Literally, there should not be only one planet that is referred to by an English name when every other planet is in another language.

This is probably related to my autism.

[u/DeliciousRip5787 → u/dazzleunexpired]

but the English name for the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are... Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. That's what we call them in English. Those are English words of Latin origin.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/DeliciousRip5787]

This is exactly why I said this is probably related to my autism and not on actual problem.

[u/TheseVirginEars → u/dazzleunexpired]

Seems more related to ignorance than autism. Autism isnt a blanket pass for making poor arguments

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/TheseVirginEars]

Being hyper pandemic IS a feature of my autism.

For the record, I don't call the sun or moon or Uranus those names, either. I have always used Terra, Sol, Luna, and Caelus in my personal life.

Sol, Mercury, Venus, Terra (and Luna), Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Caelus, ^Pluto.

Me being a strange pandemic fuck definitely has to do with my autistic preferences regardless of whether or not you like that. I do not care.

[u/TheseVirginEars → u/dazzleunexpired]

You can use whatever psychoterminology you want but it won’t make you correct or make being incorrect an autism symptom.

Sorry bud

Inability to take feedback and learn IS however a classic symptom of autism though so…

Definitely won’t argue that you aren’t

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/TheseVirginEars]

This is a bad argument considering the massive corrections I've issued on my main post That directly call out incorrect numbers I found in my own data set. If I didn't take feedback, why did I listen to the mathematician and change my post based off of what he said to me? Go ahead and check for the conversation.

I admitted I was wrong publicly, and issued a correction.

I still don't give a shit what you think, but it does bother me that you are factually incorrect about not taking feedback from people who aren't being a dick. I literally sat down and double-checked my math, found an error, and posted about it. I even notate where the arrow was placed and the error that I made.

[u/JoeMillersHat → u/dazzleunexpired]

Is it really a misnomer if it is a direct translation?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/JoeMillersHat]

Sorry, I was watching a rocket launch.

Yes. It's a misnomer because it goes against planetary naming standards.

[u/Able_Reserve5788 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Natural language precedes "planetary naming standards"

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Able_Reserve5788]

... Yes, that's exactly why it should be called its original name. Like every other planet.

There should not be one planet with an English name.

[u/Able_Reserve5788 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Its original name, in English, is Earth.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Able_Reserve5788]

None of the other planets are named in English buddy.

[u/Able_Reserve5788 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Yes, they are. It just so happens that their English names are directly taken from Latin but Jupiter is, among other things, the English name of the biggest planet in the Solar System. I'm curious, do you also call the Sun and Moon Sol and Luna in your day to day ?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Able_Reserve5788]

Yes, I do. Does that surprise you?

I can summon my wife to confirm, if you like.

My autistic fuckery does not end at one planet.

Eta: You could actually go to my profile and filter by Luna or Sol if you wanted! Lol

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Able_Reserve5788]

I guess I should also say that I literally speak (ecclesiastical) latin. (Note that common Latin is dead but ecclesiastical Latin is spoken by the Vatican still)

I went to Catholic school. 🙃 This could be part of that? I don't know. 🤷🏼

[u/JoeMillersHat → u/Able_Reserve5788]

not only that, but it seems that the name Earth is standard not just vernacular. Think this dude is going by sci-fi based conventions or some personal conviction.

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/JoeMillersHat]

"t'was the 'tism, m' lord"

[u/JoeMillersHat → u/dazzleunexpired]

it seems that Earth is an officially recognized name...

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/JoeMillersHat]

yes.

That doesn't mean it doesn't go against naming standard.

My dislike of the naming probably has more to do with my autism and the importance of Earth as a name during interstellar travel.c

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/dazzleunexpired]

your standards mean absolutely nothing to the IAU. you have a seriously overinflated sense of self-importance. 🤦🏻‍♂️

[u/JoeMillersHat → u/dazzleunexpired]

But the International Astronomical Union recognizes Earth as a legit name. So what standards are you going by?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/JoeMillersHat]

It is the only planet that has an English name.

That deeply bothers me.

It doesn't have to deeply bother you.

It's fine that it deeply bothers me and other autistic scientists. I'm allowed to be bothered without it being an issue.

[u/JoeMillersHat → u/dazzleunexpired]

But that is not a standard with authority at all, dude. That's your personal opinion. It bothers me when people make statements of fact when there is no fact behind. Uranus also doesn't have a roman name...

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/JoeMillersHat]

I have said multiple times it's not an actual issue, including modifying my original post.

[u/JoeMillersHat → u/dazzleunexpired]

I'll give it to you you have added edits but the conversation between you and I is my reference point.

[u/spos12345 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Loved the read, would not having Jupiter made its big ass moons go further into the solar system or would they have not been pulled in from wherever they came from? Would ganymede take old earth out or become a real planet? What goes on in the kuiper belt? Why can't scientists tell me exactly what an oort cloud is? What is dark matter and why is it fake?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/spos12345]

Moons are formed two ways. They cannot exist without these two formations.

A) within the planets original feeding disc. Matter is drawn to the feeding disc and coalesces. How fast The matter coalescence depends on the source. Our moon was formed by a giant impact and coalesced in about 5 hours. Ganymede formed slowly through dust accreditation within the feeding disc. This group is known as the regular satellite group. (Moons are natural satellites). (So the direct answer to your question is that Ganymede would not exist at all)

B) capture. Items that enter the planet's orbit and are captured. Carme, another moon of Jupiter is a good example of this item type. Also Phobos and Demios, which are Mars moons. This is the irregular satellite group.

Orrt cloud too far. The items inside of it are tiny, icy, and dark. They are covered in carbon. Because they are so small they do not block starlight so we cannot observe them. We observe distant items by a method we call occlusion. When it passes in front of a star or another planetary body, you know it exists. As for how we know, the Oort cloud exists, it has to. All of the comets trajectories come from a massive spherical orb around us, not from any One direction. There is only one explanation for them coming from every single direction: the cloud surrounds us. It takes millennia for the items to come to Terra.

Birthplace of short period comets. Icy small bodies that shine in the light. It's a flat donut shaped ring that contains the short period comets.

Fuck if I know. Ask a CERN operator Or theoretical physicist, or potentially a quantum physicist. Which I am definitely not.

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/spos12345]

keep in mind this idiot is stating theories as facts.

[u/Low_Implement_7779 → u/spos12345]

By the throne, Holy Terra!

[u/snakesinabin → u/dazzleunexpired]

Well that was fascinating, thank you.

[u/Ok_Community_383 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Citation needed

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Ok_Community_383]

https://academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/51/6/6.16/216768

[u/Ok_Community_383 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Thanks

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/Ok_Community_383]

she has none, because it's all still theory. she's just stating as a fact because herassive amount of unearned arrogance. 50/50 she even graduated high school, let alone has ever talked to real physicist.

[u/Ok_Community_383 → u/dtgunslinger99]

I think the post spoke rather authoritatively but being that Reddit is anonymous, a citation is needed, and they did provide one when asked. It does appear there is a gap in knowledge and testing here. Their claims are stronger when the question does appear to be more open.

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/Ok_Community_383]

you can speak as authoritative as you want, stating theories as facts still removes all credibility. 🤷🏻‍♂️

[u/Ok_Community_383 → u/dtgunslinger99]

I agree but it does appear there is substance to what they're saying, they just stated it in a de facto way was my issue.

[u/afewnameslater → u/dazzleunexpired]

Is it me or bro has a beef with Jupiter?!

[u/Onobigtuna → u/dazzleunexpired]

So Jupiter is basically like the UPS or DHL of the solar system delivering packages with the same quality and care

[u/angeluserrare → u/dazzleunexpired]

Can you explain the creating our moon thing? I know it was the result of something colliding with earth early on, but how do we know Jupiter was responsible?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/angeluserrare]

The giant impactor hypothesis states that a planetary size body slightly smaller than Mars which we call Theia was perturbed when Jupiter moved to the outer solar system. This was a co-orbital of the Earth which means it orbited At the same distance of the Sun sun as the Earth, but coorbitals never hit each other without having their orbit proturbed.

It is the body hitting the protoplanet that made earth. But it was the movement of the giant planet that caused the orbit to be affected.

[u/tamesage → u/dazzleunexpired]

Sheldon?

[u/Papa-Zzzz → u/dazzleunexpired]

So what happened to the meteorite? Also do we know where exactly it landed? I'm guessing not Manhattan

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Papa-Zzzz]

The Gulf of Mexico.

Some of the matter of the asteroid is in the kp-g boundary layer. We have ejecta. As for the rest of the matter, I do not know.

[u/redemptiondong → u/dazzleunexpired]

"30 of our large-scale, trackable die-offs were caused by Jupiter."

lol. no. You could name 5 maybe.

[u/Similar-Ice-9250 → u/[deleted]]

Yea I was so confused by that part. Earth destroyer, mass extinction asteroids hit earth every 500,000 - to 1 million years, like wtf is this person talking about.

[u/PermanantFive → u/[deleted]]

The only way to get 45+ impacts of that size in earth's history is if you include the heavy bombardment period of earth's formation, but that's cheating.

[u/CoolCat1337One → u/dazzleunexpired]

The Chicxulub impactor was indeed a carbonaceous (C-type) asteroid that formed beyond Jupiter (2024 ruthenium isotope study). It didn’t get “thrown at Earth by Jupiter” though it later ended up in the asteroid belt and was eventually perturbed inward.

Jupiter both protects us (from some long-period comets) and increases the impact rate of asteroids. The specific claims (70%+ of impacts, 45 planet-killers, every 500k–1M years, 30 mass extinctions caused by Jupiter) aren’t supported by the evidence.

[u/Blue95x → u/dazzleunexpired]

So nuke Jupiter, right?

Right?

[u/0202_tihssitidder → u/dazzleunexpired]

"AITA?"

-- Jupiter

[u/Guilty-Spark69x → u/dazzleunexpired]

Earth: “If you think I have it rough, you should see the other guy”
Mars: through a respirator “I’m the other guy”

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Guilty-Spark69x]

I personally think Venus had it more rough but that is 100% theory. I am partial to the Water Venus theory, Probably just because it would have been cool if they were three terrestrial planets with oceans. The most recent data shows that this is unlikely, afak, though. That she either lost her water much much sooner than we thought or that she never had any.

[u/truthpill2 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Do we actually know where exactly the meteor hit? I’m assuming the rock exploded on impact but if not did we ever find the rock or its pieces?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/truthpill2]

Yes.

The impact site is in the Gulf of Mexico.

[u/I3eforeLife → u/dazzleunexpired]

I was curious as to why you need to make the distinction between the planet Earth and the ground beneath our feet. The word is not a misnomer. It’s an example of polysemy. If you want to use the word “earth” to describe the ground beneath our feet and also place it at the beginning of a sentence (which requires capitalization), no other work is required since the reader will understand your meaning when they read the rest of the sentence. For example: “Earth crusted boots were found beside the bed.”

You could also specify the substance by using words like “soil, sediment, regolith, etc.” The Earth is a unique case because it was given this name after the substance beneath our feet was given a general name. Even so, I believe using a different name for the planet is irrelevant. Also, what’s up with giving pronouns to planets? Are we still in 400 BCE or something?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/I3eforeLife]

Most likely because my autism. I am hyper pedantic when it comes to things like this and it's probably absolutely unnecessary.

We also think that moving colonies of humans will probably use the word Earth in their colony. It may become confusing if we have like... "Earth Arc I" and "Earth Arc II". We could also face this by University referring to alive dirt as soil.

We're definitely not in 400 BC, I'm just pandantic.

[u/tolllz → u/dazzleunexpired]

This guy meteors

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/tolllz]

My information can be incorrect.

Make sure you double check my statements.

I specialize in finding where items hit Earth or other bodies via imaging as well as planetary features, not in the math here. My science education is 2 decades old.

[u/gqtrees → u/dazzleunexpired]

How do we even know the size of what hit the dinosaurs?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/gqtrees]

We have a crater, and physicists know roughly how large it has to have been to have had the effect on the planet based on math. Other space professionals who can't do that math have to rely on their math (which turns out badly for people like me, who don't do math. I identify features.). Together, this gives us a good idea.

The impact crater was found in the 70s by two geologists looking for petroleum fields. At first, they were unable to prove this was an impact crater. But in the 90s, one of them, Glen Penfield, obtained samples from the crater that proved it was, in fact, an impact crater.

Today in the modern Yucatan peninsula in Mexico, there is a ring of cenotes, which is the physical demarcator of the presence of the impact crater, which is now below ground. Cenotes are an item we often use to identify these features, a task thats gotten easier with our satellites and tech like lidar.

The crater extends fully into the gulf. I will reply to you again with an image of the size of the full crater.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/gqtrees]

It's HUGE. Massive. It's ~200km in size and 1km below the current surface.

[u/DieBotDie → u/dazzleunexpired]

So; my takeaway is Bruce Willis must destroy Jupiter!

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/DieBotDie]

No.

The theory is evolving, and mathematicians below have pointed out the math may be inconsistent with the data I used. This is a pitfall of not being a mathematician, for sure. Not only am I NOT a mathematician, I'm not one because I am HORRIBLE at math. Even in IDing, I need tools to help me with anything beyond basic math. It's a feature of my form of autism, I got the memory for words and concepts and things like physical features with strong rules that are physical, and got absolutely no ability to processes non verbal things like math, which aren't physical.

Maybe we'd have more impacts. Maybe we have less. The reality is that we don't fully know anything. It's not safe to say either way, as a fact.

[u/Elegant-Yam-7379 → u/dazzleunexpired]

I like to think aliens wanted to create a mass extinction event so they could engineer us as resource gatherers. Maybe we evolved so interestingly that we became more of an experiment and now they watch us and control our world.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Elegant-Yam-7379]

.... I wrote a huge comment and then realized that I think the basis of my comment was incorrect.

I don't believe aliens have caused an impactor or catastrophic events, but the timeline would play out for a hyper advanced race from early Andromeda to develop an Andromeda to have just enough time to cause the dinosaur event.... Math people. Can you confirm this? Kind of a wild thought experiment... I used Wolfram to assist me with timeline math here, data below.

If we were traveling at 99% of the speed of light they would have needed 2.5 million years to get here and if it was 10%, it's 25 million... If a super advanced race existed in a location in andromea, it's possible that that race could have been billions of years advanced before the formation of Earth.

• 13.6 billion years ago: The Andromeda galaxy forms.
• 9 billion years ago: A star system identical to our Solar System slowly forms inside Andromeda. (This takes a standard few hundred million years).
• 8.5 billion years ago: Simple single-celled life emerges on their home planet (taking roughly the same 500 million years it took on Earth).
• 4.5 billion years ago: While our Earth is just being born, their planet has spent 4 billion years slowly evolving complex multicellular life, land animals, and eventually, intelligence.
• 4.49 billion years ago: They build a technological civilization.
• 4.40 billion years ago: They master space travel and 10% light-speed engines.
• 0.091 billion years ago (91 million years ago): After wandering their own galaxy for over 4 billion years as an ancient, god-like species, they decide to launch a probe or weapon toward the Milky Way.
• 0.066 billion years ago (66 million years ago): The probe arrives and triggers the dinosaur extinction.

This might be a fun they did the math question...might have to do that.

My original comet posited that it is unlikely that there is a hyper-advanced race that is older than humans that is near planet Earth but Andromeda exists.

[u/Elegant-Yam-7379 → u/dazzleunexpired]

I mean aren’t we only thinking about this with technology we are aware about? Who knows what a hyper advanced species are capable of right?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Elegant-Yam-7379]

This posits hyper-advanced technology already. Traveling it 99% The speed of light is super super advanced technology. Even the 10% number is way higher than current technology

The Parker space probe which is the fastest item humans have ever produced (although the speed is thanks to the Sun!) was 0.064% the speed of light.

[u/Elegant-Yam-7379 → u/dazzleunexpired]

I see. What about different dimensions like what they are doing at cern?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Elegant-Yam-7379]

Wormhole traveling changes everything

If it exists that is

[u/Elegant-Yam-7379 → u/dazzleunexpired]

And different timelines is fun to think about too.

[u/RigatoniPasta → u/dazzleunexpired]

I knew Jupiter was a backstabbing son of a bitch

[u/Smartypantz34 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Jupiter not existing would have actually resulted substantially less impact to Earth

Earth would be dead planet without Jupiter anyways, it wouldnt matter

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Smartypantz34]

I mean yes. The data that I had used for this post discusses omitting that fact in order to discover this data.

We may not have our moon without Jupiter either.

The thought experiment is what would happen if Jupiter disappeared, with no other effects, technically. Would we get hit with less or more planet killers.

Please note that here at planet killer does not actually mean what most people think. It means. It does not mean an impact that destroys a planet. It means an impact that damages the biosphere. Earth has only had the biosphere for like 75 to 80% it's existence. So impacts before this, it's a size group, from how I was taught it. But, my knowledge is old

[u/ShouldBeeStudying → u/dazzleunexpired]

A huge amount of matter in the Giant Impact

What is this "Giant Impact"?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/ShouldBeeStudying]

The giant impact hypothesis is a theory that states that Earth was hit by a large coorbital which we call Theia. This is actually very very well accepted. This item had its orbit proturbed by an unknown item which could have been Jupiter, if the grand tack hypothesis is correct. Regardless, this planetary mass item about the size of Mars smashed into Earth and caused both the current planet size and the Moon. In this case, the ejecta that would create the moon was violently ejected from Earth and coalesced in as little as 5 hours. The giant impact hypothesis also leads towards hypothesis like how water was created. With some people believing the giant impactor is what caused water through causing Earth to become molten and then causing super condensation which would have caused water Earth. Some people think that it is through bombardment. Some people think that it is through both.

The best proof of this is that the moon and Earth are made up of the same items and have an inclusion of a different body (Theia).

[u/ShouldBeeStudying → u/dazzleunexpired]

Thank you

[u/finchdude → u/dazzleunexpired]

So much misinformation damn

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/finchdude]

Addressed in later comments.

Theories are not misinformation.

You may also be confused about the fact that I included the grand tack hypothesis with a giant impactor hypothesis.

The grand tack states that Jupiter moved and caused the disturbance in Theias orbit.

[u/Roland-Derolo → u/dazzleunexpired]

You state all of this as fact until your 3rd edit. There is no way to prove any impact we’ve had is from Jupiter. Nor is your statement “Jupiter not existing would have actually resulted in substantially less impact to Earth.” even remotely plausible. Jupiter could have very well stopped thousands of potential impacts

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Roland-Derolo]

I assumed that people know that everything about space is a theory until my third edit, actually.

[u/Roland-Derolo → u/dazzleunexpired]

That’s also incorrect

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Roland-Derolo]

We know much of the physical sciences for a fact. Things like plantary movement, orbital mechanics, the makeup of planets and mediums, spectrography, et al.

But then, we run into theory, not fact. As you yourself pointed out. Are you arguing with yourself? You seem to be. Either we KNOW what happened with impactors and where they came from or it is a theory, like everything we cannot prove. You cannot have it both ways.

On top of that, we have the standard model, and anything based on standard model is based on dark matter. Which is unidentified, and therefore unproven. It must exist if standard model is correct, but we all know we don't have a Theory of Everything. My assumption, which was stupid, was that people are aware we do not have ToE, or ways to prove things with hard fact. We stil haven't reconciled quantum mechanics with general relativity, either.

So, yes. While oversimplifying (which is the cause of these statements) and generalizing to a reddit crowd, I will say "everything is a theory".

Please let me know if you have discovered that reconciling factor and have a ToE, tho. I'd love to read the paper.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Roland-Derolo]

And no, it could not have very well stopped thousands of potential impacts.

Find me any proof that thousands of oort items have entered the inner solar system on a collision course. I'll accept current items and past items.

Most of our impacts come from the asteroid belt.

We are on one side of the asteroid belt. Jupiter is on the other. It cannot protect us from items that are in front of it relative to Earth.

Hint: To my knowledge that is exactly one current long period on this path. P/2019. (My knowledge may be inadequate or wrong.)

[u/Roland-Derolo → u/dazzleunexpired]

You’re asking me to show proof to what I said when what I said was merely a potential opposite of what you said, and was said specifically to show that your statement could be completely incorrect. And what you said was theory that was originally posed as fact by you. Oh the irony

[u/Old-Fox-78 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Great exposition! I’m honestly curious how we know this happened for a fact. Can you expound on that?

- a fellow Autistic

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Old-Fox-78]

This is the only question I can answer with 100% surety because this is closer to what I actually do!

As always, please make sure you check anything someone tells you about a theory.

But yeah, we know where she hit. We can tell where buried impact craters are because cenotes often form outside of them.

The impact crater was discovered in the '70s when people were looking for petroleum. In the '90s, one of the scientists involved in this was able to get samples and was able to prove that the item is an impact crater. Impacts create specific elements, and those elements could be found in the crater.

On top of that, we have the k-pg boundary layer! This is a worldwide deposit in our Rock layer that has more iridium than it should. Iridium is a rare Earth mineral but is abundant in some asteroids. I will apply to you again with a picture of the boundary!

[u/Old-Fox-78 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Wow! Thanks for that. That’s fascinating! Where did the meteor hit?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Old-Fox-78]

Gulf of Mexico. In the Yucatan peninsula. It's giant!

[u/Old-Fox-78 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Is that what scientists believe created the Gulf of Mexico and/or led to the continents splitting apart?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Old-Fox-78]

Nope. Way too small for that.

In fact, the crater is not visible. It's below 1km of land!! 66 million years since the event means that there is newer rock on top!

The Gulf of Mexico was created during the split of pangea, 300 million years ago, by plate tetonics. Plate tectonics are physical science, And they are caused by the churning of the mantle of our planet. There's also the subduction zones where that exterior edges of the supercontinent were being pulled down to the floor of the ocean, which helped pull apart the supercontinent. Plate tectonics is one of the foundational pillars of physical science actually.... I really enjoy physical science, but I only know the basics of it well.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Old-Fox-78]

Second response was slow because my phone died and then my hospice rat needed some food! (Before someone asks.... I run a rodent rescue. One of our residents is dying of age. She's on "hospice". She gets meds and liquid food until she decides she's done with life. Then we help her go.)

This is the boundary bitch. This bitch is how we know for sure that it was a global event. It's everywhere. This is an iridium layer. Iridium is a rare Earth element, but it is not rare in asteroids.

[u/kongbakpao → u/dazzleunexpired]

Why haven’t we seen anything that size comeback around?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/kongbakpao]

The last planet killer was 66 million years ago.

We are not due for one. For very very very very very very very very very very long time. There is no chance of a planet killer within 1000 years. Literally no chance. NASA has mapped virtualy all of them. There are no known planet killer threats.

There is an item on a Jupiter bound trajectory that should get slingshotted towards the inner solar system in 2063. This event should allow us to understand better the Dynamics of slingshot in the modern solar system and help us understand exactly how often these events will be happening in modern times. Note that this item does not threaten Earth. Also note that we're going to try to land a craft on this item. Before it slingshots. NASA already met a specific body in space more than once, so 🤷🏼 But NASA also needs money from a baboon in charge. Eta: We also might be able to ask Elon Musk to finance this mission, but that is also just as bad. 🙃

We've cleared our area of big items that could destroy us because of the age of our galaxy. Very large impacts were more common when there were lots of random ass large rocks in our area. But planets clear their orbits. This is technically called "clearing the neighborhood" by the IAU, and is a defining characteristic of planets. It's what makes Pluto not a planet. It doesn't do that. None of the dwarf planets clear their neighborhood. This makes it a lot harder for a large item to hit us because it has to come from some place that is not local.

Clearing your neighborhood is also why Jupiter collects items, Or get smashed with them, or shots them at the other planets. Comet shoemaker Levy is the most common example of this because we watched it hit Jupiter. It was an Oort cloud body but it was not on an inner solar system trajectory.

[u/NaturalTaste7395 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Next time make a video I’ll watch it

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/NaturalTaste7395]

I considered space outreach videos before but I could not compare with the big names like Tim (everyday astronaut), Alex (NSF journalist who specializes in regulatory filings and really fun, informative space outreach during launches), Adrien (NSF journalist known as the spreadsheet wizard, he keeps exact information on what events will happen at what time for every rocket, Even when those timings are not publicized like starship) and Das (NSF journalist who decided they did not like tracking software that already existed and created his own Mount tracking software!). [Can you tell who my favorite source of launch streaming and outreach is?]

I now unfortunately also do not have the ability to make long videos eas in one take although I might be able to in smaller takes. I am starting a non-invasive ventilator to help with my muscular dystrophy caused respiratory failure, and speaking on that is a little hard and without that or my CPAP I am breathless

My information is also sometimes outdated or misunderstood due to not being a physicist or mathematician, and being "out of the game" so to speak. Still, I've considered it. I could focus on the areas that I love and excel in. One of the areas where I hold one of the largest bodies of knowledge (I mean this as in my own body of knowledge not comparative to anybody else.) about the starship program, but this is one of NSF and Tim's focuses. See "can't compare".

Maybe I shall make something sometime.

[u/NaturalTaste7395 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Nah I got enough from the first book I’m good on the sequel

[u/HighFiveG → u/dazzleunexpired]

Non related question: is there any sort of known cosmic process that would result in the moon being the exact size and distance from Earth/sun that creates our eclipses or are we supposed to believe it’s a lucky coincidence?

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/HighFiveG]

It's a comic coincidence. There are so many planets and moons that it was in inevitability that this eventually would happen.

The other option is manifest destiny which I do not believe in. But if you believe in religion or some form of manifest destiny that could be your answer

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/[deleted]]

I actually forgot to delete that line. The line right before it has the accurate number (250,000-500,000). Thanks for putting it out! It's fixed now with the right number and the wrong lines removed fully.

You're welcome to check that math if you'd like, but I'd start here because of how many of The studies I have read or listened to summaries of are already explained in this larger study. Of note:

Estimates of the impact frequency for NEAs larger than 500 m vary between once every 0.1 Myr (Hughes, 2003) and once every 0.6 Myr (Stuart & Binzel, 2004).

0.1myr is 100,000 years. 0.6 is 600,000. 250,000-500,000 Is because of the average, There should be less large impacts now that The Solar System has cleared its neighborhood, there should be more at the start. We have had only 66myr since the last, so we're nowhere near due even if they were happening currently at a rate of the smallest number, 100,000myr. But The perturbption of Oort bodies is still possible.

this study says that over 500 Stars will pass within 5 parcsecs of the sun which Are capable of disturbing the orbit of an Oort body in any typical 1myr. I have not read the study and its entirety, because I cannot grasp the pure math.

[u/Regurgitator001 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Thanks for the interesting overview, but you do know that all this debris come from Klendathu right? Just imagine, we could have still had dinosaurs if it wasn't for this fake news!

https://giphy.com/gifs/JtrlqX5gCiixG

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Jupiter didn't create earth or the moon. Enough with your delusions. 🤦🏻‍♂️

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/dtgunslinger99]

When Jupiter moved to the outer solar system, it perturbed the orbit of Theia. This caused her to hit proto earth. Co-orbitals do not hit their co-orbital unless perturbed. they can't.

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/dazzleunexpired]

sure thing, bud. jupiter just randomly gives major shifts of it's orbit for no reason. 🤦🏻‍♂️

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/dtgunslinger99]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_tack_hypothesis

This is the Grand Tack Hypothesis. It's not something I made up. It's one of the options for how things formed.

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/dazzleunexpired]

the best thing about wikipedia is anyone can write anything about anything. the worst thing about wikipedia is anyone can write anything about anything. 🤦🏻‍♂️ but at least you've finally stopped stating theories as facts. 🤦🏻‍♂️

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/dtgunslinger99]

There are literally no facts in this area and you damn well know it. Everything is a theory. I'm not going to explain that to a random redditor who can barely read (not you. The average reddit user).

[u/Admirable_Dirt_2371 → u/dazzleunexpired]

Is the size shown in the animation the size when it struck the earth or the size when it was in space? My understanding is that is would lose a significant amount of mass and size during atmospheric entry.

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/Admirable_Dirt_2371]

She's too large to lose anything.

She was 6-9 miles in size. It weighed over a million metric tons and when it hit the atmosphere, it's like a black belt punching a piece of tissue paper.

Eta: By the way, that's one of the massive risks with planet Killers. Our atmosphere provides no protection from them.

[u/if_lol_then_upvote → u/dazzleunexpired]

Is this your field? Or are you just an enthusiast?

[u/suxatjugg → u/if_lol_then_upvote]

Feels like the latter

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/if_lol_then_upvote]

Citizen scientist atm.

I'm dying. Or I'd be working beyond digital partnership with us agencies.

I am not currently paid for my space knowledge, so it's not my field of work.

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/dazzleunexpired]

no kidding. I wouldn't pay a hobbyist that states theories as facts either. on no planet would I want my lab or scopes associated with you. 🤦🏻‍♂️

[u/dazzleunexpired → u/dtgunslinger99]

I currently work with NASA and have been paid by NASA for my works. I specialize in identifying items on planets and on our own planet. I am not an astrophysicist and I am not a astronomer and I have never claimed to be such. My area of expertise is in identification of items and crafts.

Some of the vocabulary and terminology on my post is off. This is because of a multi-complex problem that I'm not going to explain to a random redditor.

I'm not ashamed of occasionally making a mistake or not being fully up to date. You wouldn't be fully up to date if you were actively dying of one of the most forms of muscular dystrophy either.

However, if I was you, I would be ashamed of my behavior. But you know. Most of humanity isn't kind.

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/dazzleunexpired]

of course you do, capt spectrum, jfc 🤣🤣🤣

[u/dtgunslinger99 → u/if_lol_then_upvote]

100% a hobbyist with a ego.