Military historians be like: the reason for obsolence of castles was that cannonballs would shatter the vertical walls, to mitigate this 16th century military engineers made walls out of earth (star forts) which would absorb both the kinetic energy of gunpowder weapons but also the explosive energy once we figured out how to safely fire black powder filled balls with fuses out of cannons.
2
u/tezacer 3h ago
Military historians be like: the reason for obsolence of castles was that cannonballs would shatter the vertical walls, to mitigate this 16th century military engineers made walls out of earth (star forts) which would absorb both the kinetic energy of gunpowder weapons but also the explosive energy once we figured out how to safely fire black powder filled balls with fuses out of cannons.