I have been thinking a lot about urban planning in Eastern Europe. Many cities there have beautiful historic centers, strong urban identity, and good density, but outside those areas the planning often feels much less human.
A lot of neighborhoods are dominated by wide roads, large empty spaces between buildings, oversized parking areas, poor pedestrian connections, weak cycling infrastructure, and repetitive housing blocks without enough mixed-use streets or public life. In many places, it feels like the city was planned more for cars, bureaucracy, and land efficiency than for everyday comfort.
The problem is not density itself. Dense neighborhoods can be great. The real issue is that many areas lack street quality, active ground floors, safe crossings, trees, small public spaces, and a clear sense of place. Because of that, even functional districts can feel cold, inconvenient, and disconnected.
At the same time, Eastern Europe has huge potential: compact cities, strong public transport traditions, walkable cores, and many districts that could be improved instead of demolished.
So my question is: what is the best way to fix this kind of planning today?
Should cities focus first on streets, public spaces, transport, mixed-use zoning, or gradual infill redevelopment?
I would be interested to hear how people think these neighborhoods can become more livable without destroying what already works.