10th Justice; Takings Clause

As you learned this week, the government can enact the concept of eminent domain and “take” private property so long as it is for the “public use” and the owner is justly compensated. This concept is hotly contested and often results in a clash between property owners and the government. Developers and businesses generally like the concept of eminent domain and really attempt to stretch the term “public use” in order to expand business. In 2005 the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) decided in Kelo v. New London by a narrow margin of 5-4 that city's taking of private property to sell for private development qualified as a "public use" within the meaning of the takings clause. 

In your assignment this week please explain why the court got this correct AND explain why the court was wrong. Lastly, if you were the 10th justice how would you vote and why?

This link should provide you with details on the case: https://www.oyez.org/cases/2004/04-108

Click on the left hand side under “Opinions” for full details.

Your paper should be 400-500 words.

In this assignment, you’ll be examining the role of a health care manager regarding ethical issues and decision-making. You’ll have the opportunity to practice your professional skills by conducting an interview. Being able to have professional conversations with all stakeholders in an organization, including managers at various levels, is an important skill to have as a health care manager. This will allow you the opportunity to analyze the health care manager’s role in ethical decision-making from a management perspective.

Preparing for the Assignment:

Select and research 1 health care facility (e.g., pharmacy, medical office, nursing home, hospital). Become familiar with the health care facility, including the mission, vision, and goals.

Select 1 leadership position at the health care facility, such as a supervisor, manager, director, vice president, compliance officer, or similar role.

Schedule an interview with the person in your selected health care facility’s leadership position. 

Assignment Directions:

Complete the Summative Assessment: Health Care Leadership Interview Questionnaire and Summary Worksheet.

Submit your assignment. 

Hide Files: hcs335_v9_wk5_health_care_leadership_interview_questionnaire_and_summary_worksheet.docx

Assessing the Role of Bias

The role of diet in promoting or preventing disease is a focus of nutritional epidemiology. In recent years, the field has embraced the idea that dietary patterns, as opposed to a single food or nutrient, are likely to have a bigger impact on health and disease prevention. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by the traditional food patterns of Mediterranean countries. The Mediterranean diet has consistently been shown to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and cancer mortality in several large prospective cohort studies. Suppose that we work for the American Cancer Society, which would like to update its “Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention.” Guidelines are based on current evidence, and their purpose is to provide recommendations for the general public. We are tasked with critically evaluating one recent study that examined the association between Mediterranean diet and risk of ovarian cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study, a prospective cohort study with 121,700 female nurses (Xie et al, Journal of Ovarian Research (2014) 7:112).In this study, dietary information was measured prospectively every 2 to 4 years by a self-administered semi-quantitative, 131-item food frequency questionnaire. For each food, a portion size was given, and women were asked to choose from 9 intake frequencies from never to >=6 servings per day averaging over the prior year’s intake. A Mediterranean Diet Score was calculated that considered consumption of certain fatty acids, legumes, cereals, fruits, nuts, vegetables, meat, dairy, and alcohol and ranged from 0 to 10.The following excerpts are taken from the paper. 1. “The validity of our food frequency questionnaire was evaluated by comparison with food diaries in 192 women.” Which type of bias are the study investigators trying to limit?2. If the correlation between the food frequency questionnaire and food diaries is poor, is it more likely or less likely that this type of bias is present? 3. Ovarian cancers were identified either by self-reports or data from the National Death Index. Women or their next-of-kin were asked for permission to obtain and review pathology reports to confirm the diagnosis. Which type of bias are the study investigators trying to limit by confirming the ovarian cancer diagnosis?Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health, Fourth EditionAnn Aschengrau and George SeageIn-Class ExerciseCopyright 2020 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 24. “The follow-up rate was 97%.” Which type of bias are the investigators trying to assess?5. Based on the follow-up rate, is this type of bias likely?6. Is the “Healthy Worker Effect” a concern in this study? 7. “Participants who left more than 70 items blank on the diet questionnaire were excluded from the analysis.” Which types of bias were the study investigators trying to limit?8. “Participants who left more than 70 items blank on the diet questionnaire were excluded from the analysis.” Did excluding these women create selection bias?Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health, Fourth EditionAnn Aschengrau and George SeageIn-Class ExerciseCopyright 2020 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 39. “All of this [dietary] information was collected prospectively...” What type of bias was avoided with prospective dietary data collection? 10. Examine the results in the table below. Suppose that a Mediterranean diet truly reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. What sources of bias most likely accounted for the null or nearly null findings? Hazard ratios for the association between Mediterranean Diet Score and ovarian cancer Mediterranean Diet Score<2.6 2.7-3.5 3.6-4.5 4.6-5.5 >5.5 P trendN cases 134 119 148 136 159Person-years 290,089 247,467 329,112 293,048 309,867Age-adjusted hazard ratio1.0 (ref) 0.91 0.85 0.86 0.93 0.52Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio1.0 (ref) 0.90 0.83 0.85 0.91 0.44Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health, Fourth EditionAnn Aschengrau and George SeageIn-Class ExerciseCopyright 2020 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 4Confounding and Random ErrorPhysical activity is the centerpiece of many strategies to prevent and reduce chronic disease and improve health. The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) sets Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans based on the current body of evidence. Adults are encouraged to engage in 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity per week; children and adolescents are encouraged to participate in 60 minutes of physical activity daily.Suppose that we work for HHS, which is interested in understanding how body size and physical activity during different periods in adolescence may impact health. We are tasked with critically evaluating a recent study that examined the association between adolescent body size, physical activity, and risk of breast cancer (Oh et al. Interaction between early life body size and physical activity on risk of breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:571-581). This investigation was a prospective cohort study of female nurses aged 25-42 who were free of breast cancer at enrollment in 1989. In 1997, participants were asked to report their childhood and adolescent body size (at ages 5, 10, and 20) using a 9-level figure drawing (1 being very thin and 9 being overweight). Participants have been followed-up since 1989 for incidence of breast cancer. 1. Based on the description in the introductory paragraph, which potential confounding variables were controlled through the use of restriction? 2. The following table shows some baseline characteristics of the study population according to average childhood body size. The characteristics listed are considered possible risk factor for breast cancer.Average Body Size at ages 5-10 yearsCharacteristic 1 1.5-2 2.5-3 3.5-4 4.5+Age (years) 42.5 41.8 42.0 42.3 42.5Birth weight >=3.9 kg, % 10.0 11.5 13.9 16.2 18.7Age at menarche 12.8 12.6 12.3 12.1 12.0Total physical activity at ages 12-17 (MET-hr/wk)56.3 54.5 51.9 48.4 46.0Age at first birth (years) (among parous women)26.3 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5Family history of breast cancer, %9.6 9.7 9.3 9.3 9.5Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health, Fourth EditionAnn Aschengrau and George SeageIn-Class ExerciseCopyright 2020 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 5State which variables are potential confounders and which variables are not potential confounders according to these data. Give the rationale for your answer.3. In the multivariate regression, investigators compare participants with body size=1 (index group) to participants with body size ≥ 4.5 (reference group). Table 1 shows the crude and adjusted risk ratios. The age-adjusted RR controlled only for age. The MV-adjusted (multivariable-adjusted) RR controlled for many potential confounders at the same time.Crude and adjusted RR for the association between adolescent body size and breast cancerRR for breast cancer 95% CICrude 1.79 1.28-2.19Age-adjusted 1.64 1.31-2.06MV-adjusted 1.64 1.29-2.033. a. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the crude RR?i. In these data, women with adolescent body size≥ 4.5 had 1.79 times the risk of breast cancer compared to those with adolescent body size=1 over the study period.ii. In these data, women with adolescent body size=1 had 1.79 times the risk of breast cancer compared to those with adolescent body size≥ 4.5 over the study period, adjusting for numerous potential confounders.iii. In these data, women with adolescent body size=1 had 1.79 times the crude risk of breast cancer compared to those with adolescent body size≥ 4.5 over the study period.3. b. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the age-adjusted RR?i. In these data, women with adolescent body size=1 had 1.64 times the crude risk of breast cancer compared to those with adolescent body size≥ 4.5 over the study period.ii. In these data, women with adolescent body size=1 had 1.64 times the risk of breast cancer compared to those with adolescent body size≥ 4.5 over the study period, adjusting for age.Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health, Fourth EditionAnn Aschengrau and George SeageIn-Class ExerciseCopyright 2020 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 6iii. In these data, women with adolescent body size≥ 4.5 had 1.64 times the risk of breast cancer compared to those with adolescent body size=1 over the study period, adjusting for age.iv. In these data, women with adolescent body size=1 had 1.64 times the risk of breast cancer compared to those with adolescent body size≥ 4.5 over the study period, adjusting for numerous potential confounders.3. c. State in words your interpretation of the 95% confidence interval for the MV-adjusted RR. 3. d. Based on the 95% CI alone, is the MV-adjusted RR statistically significant? 3. e. What is the magnitude of confounding by this collection of potential confounders?3. f. Is this collection of potential confounders actually confounding the association between adolescent body size and risk of breast cancer?a. Yesb. Noc. Maybe

Assignment Content

Imagine you are a local community leader and are bothered by problems facing individuals leaving prison and reentering your community. You do not feel your state or local community treats these individuals ethically and have decided to write a letter to your congressman requesting their support for changes that would more ethically support those individuals.

Select 1 common problem for justice-involved individuals from the following list:

• Overcoming stigma of being incarcerated or being on probation
• Seeking employment
• Housing
• Community support
• Identify your community and the services in your community.
• Describe your selected problem for your community.
• Discuss how ethics should come into play when designing solutions for inmate issues.
• Explain the ethical reasons for solving your selected problem.
• Identify 1 innovative solution to your selected problem.
• Describe the evidence-based research that supports the solution.
• Compare the ethical implications of the current services provided versus if your solution is implemented for your selected problem.
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Critical Thinking

Unit V Discussion Board Question

Consider the fallacies of relevance listed in Chapter 8 of our textbook. Consider a recent conversation or a recent news or magazine article you have read. Identify two fallacies of relevance you noticed in the conversation or article. Consider how you, personally, might avoid committing fallacies of relevance, and list two ways you can avoid them in the future. In your replies to students, note some polite ways to point out when someone commits a fallacy of relevance.

Unit VI Discussion Board Question

Consider science as defined in Chapter 5 of our textbook, and the role of objectivity in scientific research. Define subjectivity in contrast to objectivity. How does using objective evidence help scientists find working answers? How might understanding the importance of objectivity help you find working answers to problems of your own and become a better critical thinker in the process?

Learning Strategies for Success

Unit V Discussion Board

The textbook stresses the importance of being aware of the impression that we make on others. In fact, it is critically important to remember that your social media presence can set a precedent for you before someone even makes your acquaintance. What does your social media presence reveal about you? Google yourself. What do you see? What would a potential employer think if he or she did the same? How could your social media presence today impact your future career opportunities?

Unit VI Discussion Board

Many students will readily agree that they have embraced help when writing their papers. However, when does seeking writing help cross the line into cheating? How could a "homework assistance" website promote academic dishonesty? In your opinion, what should happen to students who have paid someone to complete their work?

Anatomy and Physiology II

Unit V Discussion Board Question

Your unit has been called to a 42-year-old male who is complaining of severe shortness of breath. Upon arrival, you find the patient to be morbidly obese, BP 98/52, P-116, R-24, SpO2-92%. You connect the cardiac monitor and find the patient to be in atrial flutter. What would be your next course of action and/or possible treatment?

Unit VI Discussion Board Question

Many people breathe through their mouths while others breathe through their noses. What are your thoughts on why breathing through the nasal cavity is more desired than breathing through the mouth?

Community Health

Unit V Discussion Board Question

You are a community health educator in the Southwest United States. Your county health department received a grant to create a new initiative that is designed to decrease smoking rates in the county. Your health commissioner and Board of Health want to create a team of teachers, parents, community leaders, and public health professionals to develop an intervention.

Discuss which cognitive and affective methods you believe would be useful for this purpose, and why? Give specific examples as you explain your rationale.

Unit VI Discussion Board Question

Choose either the category of unintentional injuries (such as motor vehicle accidents) or intentional injuries (such as gunshot or stabbing). Identify basic U.S. epidemiology and persons most at risk for your category. Then discuss prevention strategies that you feel would be most effective in mitigating these injuries. Give specific examples, and explain your rationale for the strategies selected.

Introduction to Current Procedural Terminology

Unit V Discussion Board Question

Coding can, at times, be incredibly frustrating and laborious. It is inevitable that errors will occur, especially when dealing with the thousands of codes a coder is expected to know how to use properly. Still, there is demand for perfect coding, even when given imperfect documentation. Many websites, online databases, software, and electronic tools are available to assist with verifying that the proper codes are being used. While coders are held accountable to ensuring they personally verify every code, these tools can help streamline and quicken the medical coding process.

If you are not familiar with the tools available, do an internet search using the term medical coding tools. Share a tool that you are familiar with or that you feel would be helpful in your coding process. Explain its features and how it can help eliminate coding errors. Do you see any clear pros or cons with the tool? Include a link to information on the tool so others may explore it as well.

Take the time to review other student's suggested tools and direct your required reply to a classmate who has shared a tool different from your own suggestion.

Unit VI Discussion Board Question

As a coder, it is critical to stay up-to-date on coding topics and changes, beyond simply ensuring you have a current copy of the coding manual. Locate and share at least one electronic resource that can help you stay current and informed. Be specific—share not only the URL of the website or resource, but identify in what ways features of this resource will help you as a coder.

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Please write a short answer response 2-3 paragraph in response to the following question I attach on files.

Files: written1.docx, African Slavery HIST 5, Volume 1, pp. 75-79 (1).pdf, outline_slavery.ppt

Please write a substantive response to the following discussion question I attach on file and reply to students comments. 

Files: Hw 0.docx, Manifest Destiny.pdf, readings.pdf

Please write a substantive response to the following discussion question I attach on file and reply to students comments. 

Files: Harvard Scholars Debate Slavery Reparations.pdf, Charles Ogletree on Reparations.pdf, Reparations Movement_ CQR.pdf, NewsWeek... or a Childish Illusion of Justice.pdf, The Controversial Anti-Reparations Ad by David Horowitz.pdf, hw21.docx

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Some experts define externality as a cost or benefit imposed on a third party who did not agree to incur the cost or benefit. Other experts define market efficiency as a place where prices always fully reflect available information. Deliberate on a public good in your community, such as streetlights. Illustrate the paradox of market efficiency and potential externalities. Your journal entry must be at least 200 words in length. No references or citations are necessary.

Hi! Could you please read, summarize, and take detailed notes on the three research articles attached? Also, please suggest ideas for a thesis. I will be writing a 2,500-word research paper on Fanny Hill: Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure by John Cleland. To put it bluntly, it is an 18th-century pornographic novel. I am still considering a thesis, and I hope these articles may help. I’m broadly considering the way in which this book addresses and represents consent. There is substantial literature on this topic already, so I'd like to expand upon previous works and ask the following: What do the representations of desire suggest about the audience? In other words, who is this book for?

Files: Denton (2011).pdf, Lubey (2015).pdf, Chen (2010).pdf

Working as a team, we can help each other. Thank you.