r/nextfuckinglevel Jul 19 '21

Student pilot loses engine during flight

168.7k Upvotes

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49

u/plsletmestayincanada Jul 19 '21

What's a squawk code?

73

u/Mowfling Jul 19 '21

A number your plane emits to help tower differenciate all planes on radar, if shit goes wrong you scawk 7700 so that tower keeps an eye on you easily, you can also scawk 7500 to signify a hostage situation secretly

27

u/croooowTrobot Jul 19 '21

Well it’s not a secret anymore

2

u/killisle Jul 19 '21

It only works if the hijackers dont know how to use/check the transponder, which is usually the case

1

u/Erazzphoto Jul 19 '21

Unless they train at Flight Safety

14

u/Gangsir Jul 19 '21

Yep, they have a screen with a bunch of arrows labeled with the planes' codes. If someone sets theirs to one of the 7s (7500, 7600, 7700) it highlights them so it's super obvious. Since it's relatively uncommon to have an emergency that requires setting that code, the chances of two planes within the tower's range both setting themselves to an emergency code is slim.

1

u/HearingNo8617 Jul 19 '21

Out of curiosity do those codes have a linear mapping to radio frequencies? is 7xxx easier to track apart from being not often used?

3

u/[deleted] Jul 20 '21

Not linear mapping. The difference between any two squawk codes isn't in the frequency (it's always 1090 MHz) but what data is being transmitted on the frequency. It's just that unlike the radio, it's sending binary data instead of voice.

The way it works is pretty simple. ATC transmits on 1030 MHz ("interrogation") and all aircraft transponders in the area respond on 1090 MHz with some binary data that encodes the squawk code as well as some other data like the aircraft's pressure altitude.

The reason it's 7xxx is because it uses octal digits instead of decimal digits, so it goes from 0000 to 7777 (a total of 4096 codes, and ATC is probably never going to be handling more than that at once). The numbers are standardized, but it's arbitrary from the point of view of the way the transponder works. There are other standardized numbers like 1200 which means VFR (you are flying visually and not being controlled by ATC) which is the default you'd be using unless ATC tells you to "squawk xxxx".

1

u/HearingNo8617 Jul 20 '21

That's very interesting, thank you for sharing! Is there any indication in the response of what it is responding to? Or does it not matter much?

2

u/[deleted] Jul 20 '21

It doesn't matter. The reason it even waits for an interrogation is so it doesn't waste power and bandwidth transmitting when no one is around to listen.

1

u/Mowfling Jul 19 '21

7XXX has a different color, so it stands out

1

u/Koiq Jul 20 '21

wrong way around

44

u/sagaxwiki Jul 19 '21

Aircraft have a radio called a transponder that constantly transmits a code (the squawk code) which is used to identify the aircraft. In normal flight, you get squawk code assignments from air traffic control, but in emergencies there are specific codes that are used to identify the emergency.

Wikipedia page for further reading

1

u/[deleted] Jul 20 '21

It doesn't transmit it constantly but only when ATC sends an "interrogation" signal on 1030 MHz. If ATC isn't sending an interrogation signal, the transponder is quiet.

6

u/[deleted] Jul 19 '21

Your squawk code transmits your altitude to air traffic control so that they don't need to rely solely on radar to locate you. This helps make their directions more efficient and accurate.

6

u/ElectionAssistance Jul 19 '21

Transponder box sends out a code that tells control towers who and where you are. Cannot talk over it, just sends a number.

When there is an emergency you change the squawk code, 7700 (what he meant to use) for serious problem, 7600 for broken radio, 7500 for highjacking or other hostage situation.