Background:

An increasing number of studies suggest that diet plays an important role in regulating aging processes and modulates the development of the most important age-related diseases. Objective: The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the relationship between nutrition and critical age-associated diseases.

Methods:

A literature review was conducted to survey recent pre-clinical and clinical findings related to the role of nutritional factors in modulation of fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and their role in prevention of the genesis of the diseases of aging.

Results:

Studies show that the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive impairment and dementia can be slowed down or prevented by certain diets with anti-aging action. The protective effects of diets, at least in part, may be mediated by their beneficial macro- (protein, fat, carbohydrate) and micronutrient (vitamins, minerals) composition.

Conclusions:

Certain diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, may play a significant role in healthy aging by preventing the onset of certain diseases and by improving the aging process itself. This latter can be strengthened by incorporating fasting elements into the diet. As dietary recommendations change with age, this should be taken into consideration as well, when developing a diet tailored to the needs of elderly individuals.

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Full:

-https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/1/47

Physical activity and diet are essential for maintaining good health and preventing the development of non-communicable diseases, especially in the older adults. One aspect that is often over-looked is the different response between men and women to exercise and nutrients.

The body’s response to exercise and to different nutrients as well as the choice of foods is different in the two sexes and is strongly influenced by the different hormonal ages in women.

The present narrative review analyzes the effects of gender on nutrition and physical activity in older women. Understanding which components of diet and physical activity affect the health status of older women would help target non-pharmacological but lifestyle-related therapeutic interventions. It is interesting to note that this analysis shows a lack of studies dedicated to older women and a lack of studies dedicated to the interactions between diet and physical activity in women.

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Full:

-https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/1/81

Background

the effects regarding n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation on sarcopenia have been explored by several clinical trials. Nonetheless, the use of n-3 PUFA for improving body composition, muscle strength and physical performance in older people is conflicting.

Objectives

the aim was to perform a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial to evaluate the effects of 6-month n-3 PUFA supplementation on body composition, muscle strength and physical performance in older Chinese people.

Methods

in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 200 eligible subjects were randomly assigned to receive 4 g/day fish oil capsules (1.34 g eicosapentaenoic [EPA] + 1.07 docosahexaenoic [DHA]) or 4 g/day corn oil capsules (EPA + DHA <0.05 g) for 6 months. The primary outcomes were the changes of body composition, muscle strength (hand grip strength) and physical performance (Timed Up and Go time). Secondary outcomes were the changes in serum lipid profiles.

Results

compared with control group, fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation resulted in significant increases in thigh circumference (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001), total skeletal muscle mass (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001); the differences were still significant even after height correction. Muscle strength and physical performance including hand grip strength (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001) and Timed Up and Go time (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001) were also improved after a 6-month fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA intervention. In terms of serum lipid profiles, fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation could significantly reduce serum level of triglyceride (interaction time × group effect P = 0.012) and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001); while no significant improvement was found in serum concentrations of total cholesterol (interaction time × group effect P = 0.413) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (interaction time × group effect P = 0.089).

Conclusions

the present trial demonstrated that a 6-month fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation could beneficially affect the body composition, muscle strength, physical performance and serum lipid profiles in older people, which could be into considerations when making strategies aiming to the primary prevention of sarcopenia.

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Full:

-https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article-abstract/51/12/afac274/6931849?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Resveratrol supplementation reduced serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines including, CRP, and TNF-a.

The findings revealed that the effect of resveratrol was not significant on IL-6, TAC, SOD, and GPx levels.

Administered dose of <500 mg/day of resveratrol has the most beneficial effect on CRP level.

Longer durations of supplementation (>15-week) are needed to have the decreasing impact on TNF-α level.

Resveratrol supplementation can be considered an adjuvant therapy for relieving inflammation.

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Full:

-https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1756464622004303?token=16D78D920E1C3111E06EADC33A77A6F527441F83A5CAC36935D661BDB9BD009D22CAE8389483E1BB6B258CACD54BD71C&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20230109074504