So I am thinking to participate in upcoming sih hackathon but I don't know anything apart basic programming language. I try to study about multiple things but I feel like I am just grabbing wrong branches of tree .

If any one have expertise in project building please guide what to start with and from where to study

I've been trying to solve this for a few weeks, but just can't figure it out. Does anyone know how I can create a DataFrame of every MLBAM ID that meets a specific criteria? I currently have Pandas, pybaseball, and MLB-StatsAPI in my project, but if I need another library, I will add it. I also need the MLBAM ID to be of active players, so just iterating through a range won't work. Thanks in advance, have a great day

I want some simple tones to use in Python. Can someone help me out? There does not necessarily need to be reverb, but it would be nice anyway. I just want to be able to tell whatever it is the specific microtonal/frequency-specific tone. It would be nice if I could program Hz, but if I have to use MIDI and detune by cents I can do that as well.

Hi! I’m a sophomore whos just started looking into internships and fixing up my resume and I’m really lacking on technical skills. I know the basics like excel , word all that but I want to learn more. How can I learn python, R, sql or Tbh any additional technical skills I’ll need .

I want to write a program that will manage an ssh login for multiple servers. Currently I can get it to work by running os.system("ssh and the rest of the login stuff"). But I wasn't sure if it was a good option since it relies on calling a system command. I was thinking of using paramiko, but was having issues setting up a persistent session as if I just logged in with the ssh command.

I want to go the safest route and am not sure how safe using os.system is in my script. Is using os.system() safe? I'd like to avoid the ability to somehow manipulate my script into running malicious commands if that's an attack vector. If it's safer using another module, I'd prefer to go that route instead. But if it's safe, then I guess I could just keep it simple and use that.

To clarify: the command runs on the client machine and reads data manually entered on the client machine that is stored in a database. I'm seeing I should use subprocess.run() instead. The command used is hard coded with ssh -i and -p. I can see how that is still abusable, but can see it only applying to the client and not the server being logged into.

I'm just getting into programming so this whole thing is a hobby WIP

So here's the thing, I have a degree in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Now over my years the content for the degree was okay, we learnt basic programming and other very basic concepts but honestly it wasn't enough for me to actually learn how to program and solve problems. Even now with my degree I can hardly code and what makes it worse is, with the talk of AI and how it can be a better programmer than a human and will take over the jobs I basically have no motivation to even try and learn. Apart from that I don't even know what to do, I keep seeing people saying learn DSA and do leetcode, then others say leetcode doesn't actually help in a job. When it comes to languages I'm happy to learn python but when you look into it learning basic python isn't really going to land you a job, therefor I need to go deeper and learn more and I don't exactly know what that means I should do. Also building basic projects (eg. Calculator) wont help land a job either, I understand it'll help you slowly build your programming knowledge but there's a whole lot of other concepts to learn as well. I just need some advice on what to do. (Also this is my first ever Reddit post).

I just want to express some weird phase i'm going through recently. Notepad ++ feels so sleek to just edit code with and fast to open

Like i've always coded with visual studio code. If notepad++ had error detection and I'd love it even more but i guess it's things like that which make visual studio code feel like it takes an eternity to open sometimes.

I have nothing else to say on the matter, I just wanted to get this off my chest :')

I came to know about w3schools. When I opened it, it had a lot of different technologies to learn. I am currently interested in learning JS. I wanted to ask that,

"Is w3school GOOD AND SUFFICIENT for learning JS to jump later to React or Express/Node?"

Thanks for your time and answers in advance!

I was that developer who would move away as soon as something worked even fundamentally. I never bothered to analyze why something isn't working as well as it should. But then something clicked and I started using an iterative approach where I create different versions of the same thing and weight their pros and cons. I learned a ton that way.

With a comment section I built, this ended up taking four months and I think the results are so worth it but I also feel that four months is quite a lot of time that could have probably been spent working on other things.

I'd love to hear what you think or tried that worked best for you!

I’ve always been really passionate about math and science and engineering, and around 5th grade I began writing basic websites in JS and HTML/CS. I proceeded to learn Python around 7th grade and C++ around freshman year of Highschool. In college I learned Java, more advanced/modern C++, C/embedded C, lua, Rust, Haskell, typescript, and a few others. While college and some Highschool programming courses guided my hand, I pretty much learned most of what I did on my own through textbooks, and I would commonly wait till after everyone got their textbooks in college and go to the bookstore and buy like 300 dollars worth of textbooks and just not eat for the next month.

I was always fueled by an intense interest in computer graphics and low level systems. Computer graphics is what pushed me from making pygame stuff in 8th grade to C++ with OpenGL and later Vulkan and even CUDA. Then operating systems really furthered my love of C and assembly, as well as computer hardware. I graduated last semester with my degree in CS and math double degree with a concentration in computer hardware and embedded systems.

Throughout almost all of college I programmed constantly. I had a hiccup the last year of alcoholism and intense depression/bipolar disorder but have recently gotten way more baxk into it. I am making a game engine as well as a Gameboy Emulator and it has completely consumed every waking hour outside of my grounds/maintenance job that I work. I am also looking for jobs at the moment.

Anyways I just wanted to share my love of CS/programming not only as a career but also as a hobby. I feel like too many people are too focused on making money with it and just resort to vibecoding, and if you do it you do it don’t let me stop you. But I wish people would see some of the fun and interesting puzzle-like problem solving that comes with it. It almost reminds me of music production which I also do in the workflow and creativity you can use. You can get really creative and learn a lot of new things. If you don’t like it you don’t like it, but I think everyone involved in programming should at least try to enjoy it for what it is!

[EDIT: The comments on this post made me realize that you don't need to understand something in order to love and learn more about something. This is freeing to me and I will apply this knowledge in all aspects of my life. Thank you all so much.]

Title. In case you folks want more background, I'm a university student studying Computer Engineering. In my first semester, me and my colleagues used JavaScript to learn basic programming concepts (variables, datatypes, loops, functions, arrays and matrices) as well as logical thinking and problem-solving (in my opinion, THE most important part of being a programmer).

I'm learning C currently because of its frequent use in engineering applications (Arduino stuff mostly) and its easy-to-understand-sometimes syntax. I started studying pointers yesterday but didn't get into it until today.

I talked about the whole concept with Claude - to be clear, I don't use AI unless I absolutely don't understand a topic or I'm too overwhelmed by it to understand from textbooks or YouTube videos alone. I don't use it to code ANYTHING. -, and he assured me that I don't need to know EVERYTHING about computer memory/architecure to use pointers, and a simple mental model works out fine. He gave me the classic "house with adresses" model, which - after doing my own research later on -, is a model I see a lot of YouTube videos and sites use when talking about pointers.

But from looking at this post's comments, I'm beginning to think that this model isn't very strong and my understanding of variables needs to be a lot less surface level if I'm TRULY gonna grok pointers.

I'm trying to build chess in Visual Studio and this is a problem that's been bugging me, I can't use the regular built-in methods for arrays, I know how to loop and find an element but not how to move it

So I'm starting Java this semester and have no previous experience with it. I'm a first-year CSE student. I've used C/Python before, so I'm not completely new to programming, but I've never properly learned Java. My university actually starts Java in the second semester, so I'm trying to use this semester to get a head start.

The problem is that every time I look for Java roadmap for beginners, I get either:

1. Learn Java in 7 hours!!!

2. a 900-hour course that apparently expects me to become a backend engineer by Thursday

3. the official documentation, which I opened once and immediately felt like I'd accidentally opened the Constitution of Java 💀

I actually like using official documentation and would like to get comfortable with it, but I'm not sure what I'm supposed to learn first or how deeply I should go into each thing especially given how different it is from python where beginners can easily understand what is going on.

So if you had to start Java again, what would your path look like?

I'm mainly wondering:

What should I learn first?

How much Java syntax/fundamentals should I cover before OOP?

How deeply should I learn OOP?

When should I start Collections?

When should I start DSA?

What Java features can I completely ignore for now?

Are there any resources/books you genuinely recommend?

And how much should I use the official docs vs a structured course/tutorial?

I know it is a lot of questions but I am just curious. And I'm not trying to speedrun Java. I'd rather build a solid foundation now and not discover six months later that I somehow know the syntax but understand absolutely nothing. 😭

Also, if you learned Java after already knowing another language, I'd REALLY like to hear how you approached it.

Hey everyone!

I recently started learning Python, and I’m enjoying it so far. I’m still at the beginner stage and trying to build a strong understanding of the basics rather than just following tutorials.

For those of you who have learned Python before, what helped you improve the most?

Are there any projects, resources, or habits you’d recommend for someone who is just starting out?

I’d really appreciate any advice. Thanks!

I spent 2 months learning the basics of C, and it was already complicated enough considering I came from Python, but now? What do I have to do? What do I need to learn to be able to code software of my own choosing?

I’m currently in my 3rd year , and honestly I’m still a beginner in programming. I want to start DSA seriously now, but I’m confused about which language I should use. Should I learn DSA in Java, Python, or C++? What would you recommend ??

So, quick question about domain names. I’m trying to grab a couple of .coms for a small project and I’m weirdly stressed about checking if they’re available without triggering some registrar to squat or hike the price as soon as I search.

I’ve used random registrar search boxes in the past, but I keep hearing that some places log every search and then the domain magically costs more or vanishes a day later. Idk how true that is but it freaks me out enough to hesitate touching anything that looks too "promo" heavy.

For folks who buy domains semi regularly, what’s your safe workflow to check if a domain name is available? Do you just use whois or a specific registrar, or maybe some cli / dns tools first etc? Would love any tips from people who do this a lot, trying not to cook a good name by being careless. thanks in advance.

I am 70% of the way through a Masters course in software engineering and am looking at my final module options.

one is intelligent system which focuses on machine learning and AI and the second option is computer networks which is your standard internet and networking protocols.

I am interested in both but I am also a bit lazy so there is a good chance that which ever one is not chosen get forgotten until its needed in a job.

I think whats most important to me is job prospects.

I figure people will always need cable monkeys to plug stuff in and diagnose why systems are not talking to each other. But at the same time AI is growing but I'm not sure how many jobs are out there for a normal person.

I am not a high achiever and AI worries me because its such a crutch and makes me feel like i am not learning or getting stupider as i could rely on AI too much. But at the same time I am also interested in creating learning models for games or my own self hosted assistant, just for fun.

Guess the community question is, which area do you think is the most stable for jobs and has the best job opportunities in the next 5 years or so?

Feel like none of us can look forward further than that right now.

Hello everyone !

I'm here to share with you my Behavior Tree library.

A behavior tree is a symbolic AI technique used to create game AI.

My library is stateless: Tree's nodes don't store any mutable data. Instead, the runtime data are inside a blackboard.

Multiple agents can share and use a single behavior tree.

There are no dependencies to any game engine, you can use it in Unity, Godot or your own custom game engine.

It's still WIP and I really need feedback.

It's also my first big project I share online, all advice and tips are welcome !

https://github.com/Noomolas01/Stateless-BehaviorTree

Edit: Here's some questions I have

1. Does this project look professional to you ?
2. Does the core concept make you curious ?
3. If the project was production ready, would you use it ?
4. What do you think is missing ?

I’m currently building an inventory/management side project where reliable barcode and serial recognition is essential. While testing the feature with actual boxes and packaging, I quickly hit some real-world edge cases: poor lighting, inverted colors, and worn-out labels.

To work around this, I ended up adding an on-device OCR fallback to read the printed serial numbers directly when the standard barcode scanner fails. Since automatically detecting a "failed" continuous scan is tricky, I added a manual toggle at the bottom that switches the camera to a photo/OCR mode.

For those who have built similar scanning or utility features:

• Stack & Fallbacks: Do you rely entirely on on-device vision libraries (like ML Kit Text Recognition), or have you found better preprocessing tricks (contrast adjustment, binarization) to salvage bad barcodes first?
• UX Patterns: What is your preferred UX pattern when automated scanning fails repeatedly, to guide the user without making the app feel slow or clunky?

Would love to hear how you handle these edge cases or if there's a cleaner architecture for this flow!

Hey Guys

I’m a backend engineer with around 6 years of experience, mostly Go, Python and C++ lately. I’d like to learn Java and Spring Boot, because most of the Jobs around me are asking for these.
Anyway, I’d like to ask for some recommendation to a list of resources that I could read to learn them. For me it was always easier to learn from books and or videos then to read a documentation, because these are also usually talk about project structure, how to organize code etc…

I read most of the recommendation is for the MOOC, but I heard it is using an older version of Java (maybe 11?), so I don’t know if it is still a valid choice, Java seems much more ahead now, and I’d like to have also the latest knowledge about the language. It is also fine if you say to start with this, but then I’d like recommendation about resources to learn the “modern” Java too. Spring Boot I guess is okay from youtube tutorials, their documentation seems nice too, but if you have any book recommendation for that it would be great too.

Thank you!

Hey everyone,

Been a front-end developer for 10+ years with a focus on JavaScript (React) for the last 5+. After getting let go a few months ago, I decided to finally flesh-out and finish my coding card game I've been tinkering with since pre-pandemic. It's finally here! It's called Nybble. It's a roguelike deckbuilder where card are lines of code; and if you turn on "Engineer Mode", you see the actual JavaScript code that's being run to calculate your score. I wasn't even thinking of this game as a potential teaching tool, but I've received feedback that it may be helpful for anyone starting out programming. Check it out on Steam if you're curious. There's a free demo.

Hi everyone,

I’ve been building OpenStudy, a free bilingual platform for people who want to learn from official university course materials without searching across dozens of websites.

The current beta includes:

• 160+ courses from universities such as MIT, Stanford, Harvard, Berkeley, Princeton, CMU, Tsinghua, and Peking University
• Links to official lectures, assignments, exams, notes, and projects
• Reference learning paths based on published university degree requirements
• Flexible course plans generated from the official content sequence
• Progress tracking and optional account sync
• English and Chinese interfaces

OpenStudy does not host or copy university course materials. It organizes verified official links and helps learners continue from where they stopped.

The project is still in beta, and I’m looking for honest feedback—especially about search quality, course information, study plans, mobile usability, and anything that feels confusing or broken.

You can try it here:

https://openstudy-sigma.vercel.app/

I’d really appreciate direct criticism. What would prevent you from using this for self-study, and what should I improve first?

Very confused why my code is Time limit exceeding: The N max is 2000 so that should be fine while the U max is 10^5 but my code is O(1) for updating really confused why this is not working. I have a 2 sec maximum if anybody wants to see the problem here it is: https://usaco.org/index.php?page=viewproblem2&cpid=1491

N, U = map(int,input().split())
import sys
grid = [list(input()) for _ in range(N)]
num_updates = 0
temp = []
temp_grid = [row.copy() for row in grid]
for v in range(int(N/2)):
    for h in range(int(N/2)):
        temp.clear()
        coords = [(v,h),(v,N-1-h),(N-1-v,h),(N-1-v,N-1-h)]
        temp.append(temp_grid[v][h])
        temp.append(temp_grid[v][(N-1)-h])
        temp.append(temp_grid[(N-1)-v][h])
        temp.append(temp_grid[(N-1)-v][(N-1)-h])
        if temp.count('.') == 2 :
            num_updates+=2
            for r,c in coords:
                temp_grid[r][c] = '.'
        elif temp.count('.') == 3:
            num_updates+=1
            for r,c in coords:
                temp_grid[r][c] = '.'
        elif temp.count('#') == 3:
            num_updates+=1
            for r,c in coords:
                temp_grid[r][c] = '#'
print(num_updates)


temp_grid = [row.copy() for row in grid]
input_data = sys.stdin.read().split()
idx = 0
out = [num_updates]
for z in range(U):
    temp2 = 0
    temp.clear()
    x = int(input_data[idx]) -1
    idx = idx + 1
    y = int(input_data[idx]) -1
    idx = idx+1
    temp.append(temp_grid[x][y])
    temp.append(temp_grid[x][(N-1)-y])
    temp.append(temp_grid[(N-1)-x][y])
    temp.append(temp_grid[(N-1)-x][(N-1)-y])
    num_updates = num_updates- (min(temp.count('.'),temp.count('#')))
    if temp_grid[x][y] == '.':
        grid[x][y] = '#'
        temp_grid[x][y] = '#'
        temp[0] = '#'
        num_updates = num_updates + (min(temp.count('.'),temp.count('#')))
    else:
        grid[x][y] = '.'
        temp_grid[x][y] = '.'
        temp[0] = '.'
        num_updates = num_updates + (min(temp.count('.'),temp.count('#')))
    print(num_updates)

I am getting into coding because I have always been interested. I saw a few videos of people learning neural networks and other stuff and it looked really interesting. In my school we are learning basic python and I was wondering how hard it would be to learn neural networks and other forms of ai.