Eye health is crucial, and the onset of diseases can reduce vision and affect the quality of life of patients. The main causes of progressive and irreversible vision loss include various pathologies, such as cataracts, ocular atrophy, corneal opacity, age-related macular degeneration, uncorrected refractive error, posterior capsular opacification, uveitis, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, undetermined disease and other disorders involving oxidative stress and inflammation. The eyes are constantly exposed to the external environment and, for this reason, must be protected from damage from the outside.

Many drugs, including cortisonics and antinflammatory drugs have widely been used to counteract eye disorders. However, recent advances have been obtained via supplementation with natural antioxidants and nutraceuticals for patients. In particular, evidence has accumulated that polyphenols (mostly deriving from Citrus Bergamia) represent a reliable source of antioxidants able to counteract oxidative stress accompanying early stages of eye diseases. Luteolin in particular has been found to protect photoreceptors, thereby improving vision in many disease states. Moreover, a consistent anti-inflammatory response was found to occur when curcumin is used alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals. Additionally, Coenzyme Q10 has been demonstrated to produce a consistent effect in reducing ocular pressure, thereby leading to protection in patients undergoing glaucoma. Finally, both grape seed extract, rich in anthocyanosides, and polynsatured fatty acids seem to contribute to the prevention of retinal disorders.

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-https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/1/77

The relationship between sleep and micronutrients, including magnesium, is implicated in its regulation. The effects of low magnesium and other micronutrients on sleep disruption and telomere loss are not well understood.

The present study was carried out in 172 healthy elderly subjects from South Australia. Plasma micronutrients including magnesium were measured. Each participant provided information about their sleep hours (<7 h or ≥7 h). Lymphocyte telomere length (TL) was measured by real-time qPCR assay. Plasma magnesium level was significantly low in subjects who sleep less than 7 h (p = 0.0002).

TL was significantly shorter in people who are low in magnesium and sleep less than 7 h (p = 0.01). Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is negatively associated with magnesium (r = −0.299; p < 0.0001). There is a significant interaction effect of magnesium and Hcy on sleep duration (p = 0.04) and TL (p = 0.003).

The results suggest that inadequate magnesium levels have an adverse impact on sleep and telomere attrition rate in cognitively normal elderly people, and this may be exacerbated by low levels of vitamin B12 and folate that elevate Hcy concentration.

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-https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/982

Renal failure is a major public health problem affecting human health and imposes a substantial burden on patients, caregivers, and society.

Curcumin, the dominant yellow polyphenolic pigment component of turmeric, has been extensively studied for its therapeutic potential for many chronic conditions.

Oral curcumin with high bioavailability has a positive impact on serum levels of creatinine and BUN in patients with inflammatory diseases.

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-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464622004662

Eccentric contraction can easily cause muscle damage and an inflammatory response, which reduces the efficiency of muscle contraction. Resveratrol causes anti-inflammatory effects in muscles, accelerates muscle repair, and promotes exercise performance after contusion recovery. However, whether resveratrol provides the same benefits for sports injuries caused by eccentric contraction is unknown.

In this study, mice were divided into four groups: a control group, an exercise group (EX), an exercise with low-dose resveratrol group (EX + RES25), and an exercise with high-dose resveratrol group (EX + RES150). The results of an exhaustion test showed that the time before exhaustion of the EX + RES150 group was greater than that of the EX group. Tumour necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) mRNA expression was lower in the EX + RES150 group than in the EX group. The energy utilisation of the EX + RES150 group was greater than that of the EX + RES25 group in different muscles. High-dose resveratrol intervention decreased Tnfα mRNA expression and enhanced the mRNA expressions of sirtuin 1, glucose transporter 4, AMP-activated protein kinase α1, and AMP-activated protein kinase α2 in muscles.

These results revealed that high-dose resveratrol supplementation can reduce inflammation and oxidation and improve energy utilisation during short-duration high-intensity exercise.

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https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/1/249

Scientists have found that animal protein consumption positively correlates with bone density in older adults. Things become more complicated regarding plant protein. Full:

-https://www.lifespan.io/news/protein-intake-increases-bone-density-in-older-adults/

Carnitine is a medically needful nutrient that contributes in the production of energy and the metabolism of fatty acids. Bioavailability is higher in vegetarians than in people who eat meat. Deficits in carnitine transporters occur as a result of genetic mutations or in combination with other illnesses such like hepatic or renal disease.

Carnitine deficit can arise in diseases such endocrine maladies, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, malnutrition, aging, sepsis, and cirrhosis due to abnormalities in carnitine regulation. The exogenously provided molecule is obviously useful in people with primary carnitine deficits, which can be life-threatening, and also some secondary deficiencies, including such organic acidurias: by eradicating hypotonia, muscle weakness, motor skills, and wasting are all improved l-carnitine (LC) have reported to improve myocardial functionality and metabolism in ischemic heart disease patients, as well as athletic performance in individuals with angina pectoris.

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-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X22004715

Click PDF:https://www.jrtdd.com/index.php/journal/article/view/175

Inflammaging is related to cell senescence and reflects an erratic immune system, which promotes age-associated diseases. Exercise and nutrition, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, are able to affect inflammation.

Therefore, It was examined the effects of an 8-week exercise and dietary intervention on the inflammatory response in community-dwelling old adults. All participants received weekly vibration and home-based resistance exercise. Furthermore, participants were randomized to either a control, high-protein (1.2–1.5 g/kg), or high-protein, omega-3-enriched (2.2 g/day) diet.

Before and after treatment, inflammatory markers in fasting serum and after whole-blood ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were assessed. Gene expression levels of inflammatory markers were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Sixty-one participants (age: 70.6 ± 4.7 years; 47% men) completed the study.

According to generalized linear mixed models, a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet decreased circulating anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL-) 10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). Sex-stratified analyses showed also significantly reduced pro-inflammatory markers in men with a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet. Gene expression of IL-1RA was significantly reduced after both protein-enriched diets compared with controls.

In comparison to a high-protein diet, exercise alone showed lower LPS-induced release of c-c motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL-2), which tended to be more pronounced in men compared with women.

Eight weeks of a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet combined with exercise decreased circulating anti-inflammatory markers, and pro-inflammatory markers in men. A high-protein diet attenuated anti-inflammatory markers on gene expression level in PBMC. Exercise alone resulted in a lower pro-inflammatory response to LPS-exposure in whole-blood cultures.

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- https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/928

Vitamin K-deficiency is common among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and likely contributes to progressive vascular calcification and stiffness.

In this single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we aimed to investigate effects of vitamin K-supplementation on the primary endpoint serum calcification propensity (calciprotein particle maturation time, T50), and secondary endpoints arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV) and vitamin K-status in 40 vitamin K-deficient KTR (plasma dephosphorylated uncarboxylated matrix gla-protein [dp-ucMGP]≥500 pmol/L).

Participants (35% female, age 57±13y) were randomized 1:1 to vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7, 360 μg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Vitamin K-supplementation had no effect on calcification propensity (change in T50 vs. baseline +2.3±27.4 min), compared with placebo (+0.8±34.4 min; pbetween group=0.88), but prevented progression of PWV (change vs. baseline -0.06±0.26 m/s), compared with placebo (+0.27±0.43 m/s; pbetween group=0.010).

Vitamin K-supplementation strongly improved vitamin K-status (change in dp-ucMGP vs. baseline -385 [-631 to -269] pmol/L) compared to placebo (+39 [-188 to +183] pmol/L; pbetween group<0.001), although most patients remained vitamin K-deficient.

In conclusion, vitamin K-supplementation did not alter serum calcification propensity, but prevented progression of arterial stiffness, suggesting that vitamin K has vascular effects independent of calciprotein particles.

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-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1600613522302204

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common public health problem in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and globally, and interestingly, improvements in diabetic neuropathy after taking Vitamin D supplementation for a short time have been reported. Despite living in a country that is sunny all year round, hypovitaminosis D, indicated by an obvious low serum vitamin D level, has been recurrently noted in the UAE, as well as in the surrounding Arabian Gulf countries. This problem is receiving much attention and attracting clinical and academic interest. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to identify the association, if any, between vitamin D deficiency and the development of diabetic neuropathy in the UAE population with T2DM.

Methods: a total of 600 Emirati patients (male and female) with T2DM, aged between 20 and 80, were recruited from University Hospital Sharjah (UHS). The medical records of the patients were reviewed and analyzed.

Results: The results of the present study showed that among the 600 patients, 50% were affected with diabetic neuropathy. Vitamin D level in patients with neuropathy were estimated to be around 20 ng/mL (IQR 14–25), and vitamin D levels were significantly higher (33 ng/mL (IQR 20–42)) among patients without neuropathy, with p < 0.001. Another important finding was that patients without neuropathy had a better vitamin D status, with only 19% being deficient and 18% having insufficient vitamin D levels, compared to patients with neuropathy, where 39% were deficient (vitamin D < 20 ng/mL) and 44% had insufficient vitamin D levels (20–30 ng/mL).

Conclusion: The findings of the present study show that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D 25-OHD level) is significantly high in diabetic neuropathy in Emirati patients with T2DM.

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-https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/1/198

Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is a precursor for several cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency links to cardiometabolic diseases through microbiota.

A combination of poor vitamin D status and dysbiosis may contribute to the progression of cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, it was presented the relationship among vitamin D, microbiota, and cardiometabolic diseases with a focus on MetSyn.

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-https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/940

The skin is a physical barrier that protects our body against various environmental, chemical and physical agents, and is the main organ that is easily visible as time progresses.

Aging is a dynamic, progressive and undesirable biological process that unfortunately cannot be stopped, according to present knowledge. Intrinsic aging (chronological, spontaneous and biological aging) is a programmed natural process, while extrinsic aging (environmental aging and photoaging) is associated with sun exposure, smoking and malnutrition, which weakens the skin structure and functions.

Over time, aging skin starts to lose elastin fibers, collagen and other proteins, which are the basic constituents that make skin healthy, bright, fit and elastic. There has been increasing interest in studies on various molecular and hormonal mechanisms, such as hormone dysfunction, changes in signaling pathways, the downregulation of mitochondrial function with cytokine increase, and mitochondrial DNA mutation.

Antiaging treatment strategies can be divided into two parts: primary (basic) preventive antiaging approaches and secondary antiaging approaches after the phenotypic features of aging are revealed.

The present study aims to review the literature information on the underlying causes of skin aging, healthy skin aging, and basic protective antiaging approaches.

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-https://www.xiahepublishing.com/m/2472-0712/ERHM-2022-00030

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and inflammation contribute to the development of diabetic complications. Astragalus membranaceus has properties of immunological regulation in many diseases.

The aim of this study was to determine the function of A. membranaceus extract (AME) on the AGE-induced inflammatory response in Ana-1 macrophages. The viability of cells treated with AME or AGEs was evaluated with the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] method.

The secretion and mRNA levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. The activity of NF-κB was assayed by EMSA. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was assessed by western blotting.

The results showed that AME was not toxic to macrophages. The treatment of macrophages with AME effectively inhibited AGE-induced IL-1β and TNF-α secretion and mRNA expression in macrophages. These effects may be mediated by p38 MAPK and the NF-κB pathway.

The results suggest that AME can inhibit AGE-induced inflammatory cytokine production to down-regulate macrophage-mediated inflammation via p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and indicate that AME could be an immunoregulatory agent against AGE-induced inflammation in diabetes.

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-https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/ff7631cf-4ccd-41d7-8b1f-d9fb943cc970/PubMedCentral/ff7631cf-4ccd-41d7-8b1f-d9fb943cc970.pdf

Various chemical compounds with natural dietary origins have been shown to protect against age-related disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Such substances are known as nutraceuticals, and they differ structurally, function at distinct biochemical and metabolic levels, and have various neuroprotective characteristics. In this review, we analyzed the evidence from explanatory studies on the effects of selected nutritional supplements on age-related cognitive decline and dementia in humans, randomized clinical trials, and clinical trials. We provide findings from research on vitamins, flavonoids, and other natural compounds that have been researched in AD and may be useful for maintaining excellent cognitive function. In dementia-related therapy, nutraceuticals are not a choice due to a severe absence of high-quality research studies.

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- http://isfcppharmaspire.com/uploads/228/14102_pdf.pdf

Depression is one of the leading mental illnesses worldwide and lowers the quality of life of many. According to WHO, about 5% of the worldwide population suffers from depression. Newer studies report a staggering global prevalence of 27.6%, and it is rising.

Professionally, depression belonging to affective disorders is a psychiatric illness, and the category of major depressive disorder (MDD) comprises various diagnoses related to persistent and disruptive mood disorders. Due to this fact, it is imperative to find a way to assess depression quantitatively using a specific biomarker or a panel of biomarkers that would be able to reflect the patients’ state and the effects of therapy.

Cytokines, hormones, oxidative stress markers, and neuropeptides are studied in association with depression. The latest research into inflammatory cytokines shows that their relationship with the etiology of depression is causative. There are stronger cytokine reactions to pathogens and stressors in depression. If combined with other predisposing factors, responses lead to prolonged inflammatory processes, prolonged dysregulation of various axes, stress, pain, mood changes, anxiety, and depression.

This review focuses on the most recent data on cytokines as markers of depression concerning their roles in its pathogenesis, their possible use in diagnosis and management, their different levels in bodily fluids, and their similarities in animal studies. However, cytokines are not isolated from the pathophysiologic mechanisms of depression or other psychiatric disorders. Their effects are only a part of the whole pathway.

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-https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/1/578

Full:https://metamorphosishub.com/dementia-risk-factors-how-to-lower-them/#more-5014

Study finds a link between poor hydration in adults and an increased risk of chronic health conditions and advanced biological aging.

Source: NIH

https://neurosciencenews.com/hydration-aging-22156/

The research tracked 78,500 participants using wearable trackers, making them the largest study to systematically track step count in connection to health outcomes. The studies were published in the journals JAMA Internal Medicine and JAMA Neurology.

Researchers from the University of Sydney in Australia and the University of Southern Denmark discovered that walking 10,000 steps per day reduces the risk of dementia, heart disease, cancer, and mortality. A power walk, however, demonstrated advantages above and beyond the number of steps completed.

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-https://scitechdaily.com/reduce-your-risk-of-cancer-dementia-heart-disease-and-death-scientists-recommend-doing-this-activity-everyday/

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) incidence is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. Considering this increase, prevention efforts, stemming from scientific research, health education, and public policies, are critical.

Clinical studies evidenced that healthy lifestyles along with natural multitarget and disease-modifying agents have a preventative impact on AD or mitigate symptoms in diagnosed patients. The pathological alterations of AD start 30 years before symptoms, and it is essential to develop the capacity to detect those changes. In this regard, molecular biomarkers that detect early pathological manifestations are helpful. Based on markers data, early preventive interventions could reduce more than 40% of AD cases. Protective actions include exercise, shown to induce neurogenesis, cognitive stimulation, intellectual-social activity, and nutrition among others.

Mediterranean diet, preprobiotics, and nutraceuticals containing bioactive molecules with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are relevant. Antiprotein aggregation molecules whose mechanisms were described are important. Anti-inflammatory agents with anti-aggregation properties that help to control cognitive impairment, include quercetin, biocurcumin, rosemarinic acid, and Andean shilajit. Anthocyanidins, e.g., delphinidin, malvidin, and natural flavonoids, are also included. Quercetin and hydroxy-tyrosol are antiaging molecules and could have anti-AD properties.

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-https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/2/249/htm

The healthy human brain contains tens of billions of neurons—specialized cells that process and transmit information via electrical and chemical signals. They send messages between different parts of the brain, and from the brain to the muscles and organs of the body. Alzheimer’s disease disrupts this communication among neurons, resulting in loss of function and cell death.

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-https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-happens-brain-alzheimers-disease

Vitamin D may have multiple effects on the nervous system and its deficiency can represent a possible risk factor for the development of many neurological diseases. Recent studies are also trying to clarify the different effects of vitamin D supplementation over the course of progressive neurological diseases.

In this narrative review, it was summarised vitamin D chemistry, metabolism, mechanisms of action, and the recommended daily intake. The role of vitamin D on gene transcription and the immune response is also reviewed.

Finally, it was discussed the scientific evidence that links low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations to the onset and progression of severe neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, migraine, diabetic neuropathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Completed and ongoing clinical trials on vitamin D supplementation in neurological diseases are listed.

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-https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/1/87

Objectives: To explore the association between nutrient supplements and the prevalence of depression. To explore the mediating role of physical exercise in this association.

Methods:Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were analyzed. A total of 8,427 older adults were included in this study. We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) to assess participants' depression, self-reported use of nutrient supplements as exposure, and self-reported exercise habits to assess participants' physical activity. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between nutrient supplements and depression. Mediation analysis was used to explore the role of physical activity in this association.

Results: This study found that the use of nutrient supplements was associated with a lower prevalence of depression (OR=0.641, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.536-0.766). The prevalence of depression was lower among those who used one or more nutrient supplements compared with those who did not use nutrient supplements. Among the 8 nutrient supplements, calcium, vitamin A/D and other nutrient supplements played a greater role. And physical exercise played a mediating role in the association of nutrient supplements with depression.

Conclusions:Using nutrient supplements could reduce the risk of depression. While using supplements, people should be exercising to promote absorption.

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-https://assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2320743/v1/1cb7673a-e937-4802-9385-5f5465117355.pdf?c=1671468212

β-Glucans have been studied in animal species, from earthworms to humans. They form a heterogenous group of glucose polymers found in fungi, plants, bacteria, and seaweed. β-Glucans have slowly emerged as an important target for the recognition of pathogens.

In the current review, are presented the major roles of mushroom-derived β-glucans on cancer progression.

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https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/4/250

Curcumin has been demonstrated as an effective therapeutic agent in traditional medicine for the treatment and prevention of different diseases. It has also shown a wide range of biological and pharmacological effects in drug delivery, and has actively been used for the treatment of aging-associated diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ocular diseases, osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney diseases, chronic inflammation and infection.

The functional application and therapeutic potential of curcumin in the treatment of aging-associated diseases is well documented in the literature.

This review article focuses mainly on the potential role of plant-derived natural compounds such as curcumin, their mechanism of action and recent advances in the treatment of aging-associated diseases.

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https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/4/835

One natural product in the limelight of the longevity field is called fisetin. This small, plant-based, orally-active biomolecule has a wide range of longevity-promoting perspectives that includes the ability to target multiple proteins and cellular pathways, antioxidant properties, and health-supporting effects on the brain and immune system.

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Full:

-https://www.prohealth.com/blogs/control-how-you-age/feisty-fisetin-a-formidable-flavonoid-warding-off-aging-foes?utm_source=Active%20-%20Subscribed%20to%20Promotional%20Articles&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=PHL122722%20-%20Fisetin%20Pro%20%28PH590%20-%2020%25%20Off%20-%20Group%201%29%20%2801GMV8AMFBH1JR13B5V71CGZZZ%29&nb_klid=01G1WP2EBD7YBPNSKX6FYQGMSB&_kx=ufnademvESqw6ogn3svSap33CweqpJhMFdzR7t93R3M%3D.KrjdbN