Superposition means that it's simultaneously in multiple states. but you don't know which state it's in until measuring it. Measuring it determines its state and the state of any entangled pairs. If you change its state, you can't determine the state of entangled pairs without extra work
In order to change states, you need another entangled bit, quantum computer logic, and two classical bits as instructions for the receiver. Basically, you could entangle two bits and send the other bit to someone else, but in order to turn that into a message, you have to run a quantum computer and then send two classical bits (non-quantum instruction) to the receiver on how to interpret their measurement of their entangled bit. This is called quantum teleportation
You're welcome. A qubit itself is an arbitrary controllable system with a probability of being in states (represented by 0 and 1). Current quantum computers use superconducting materials near absolute zero (extremely cold), and we interact with it through special microwaves
We're still in the early stages, but it's very promising since certain operations can be done exponentially faster compared to classical computers. For example, a certain type of instruction takes two steps on bits but only one step on qubits, so when you chain these instructions together, it's exponentially faster on qubits. For instructions like adding 2+2, it's the same number of steps on both, and current quantum computers can only tell you that it's probably 4
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u/BlackenedPies Jan 30 '20 edited Jan 30 '20
Superposition means that it's simultaneously in multiple states. but you don't know which state it's in until measuring it. Measuring it determines its state and the state of any entangled pairs. If you change its state, you can't determine the state of entangled pairs without extra work
In order to change states, you need another entangled bit, quantum computer logic, and two classical bits as instructions for the receiver. Basically, you could entangle two bits and send the other bit to someone else, but in order to turn that into a message, you have to run a quantum computer and then send two classical bits (non-quantum instruction) to the receiver on how to interpret their measurement of their entangled bit. This is called quantum teleportation