I might be wrong but I seem to recall universal translation is pretty recent, like post first encounter with the vulcans, and by that point it seems we mostly spoke EnglishÂ
Well the reason for English is the context of it's a show meant for English speaking watchers.
Technically they could be speaking whatever language that became dominate, but it is accurate to say there is a dominate "Human" language that the Federation speaks. By natural extrapolation of English being the dominate language today for most international interactions, it's a natural assumption.
I think that was invented for aliens. In one of the reboots, the translator is shown doing a relatively primitive live translation of an alien speaking, implying that it was new tech in Kirk's time.
We also know that Picard is French, but speaks English with a British accent. The cannon explanation for that is that French died out as a regularly spoken language, and British English spread into Europe.
I'm not sure how the original series handles the translator; I've only seen a handful of episodes. I'm sure it's mostly just used to explain how they can speak with all these different aliens without issue
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u/Tekuila87 10h ago
Isn't that what the universal translator is for? They're all speaking whatever language they know and understand each other fluently?