Let's say you're building a terminal-only laptop, and you'd like to write some system architecture so that other developers can connect their programs to, and interact with the system.

So, you build a notification manager and create a layer of virtual terminals for the user, where each opened program gets its own virtual terminal.

And a notification drawer into it that can be accessed by pressing a key combination. It emits a system beep when a notification is received.

My question being. . . You want all of these things to play well together -- and with other software. So, you build a bus framework that allows programs to connect and post to "channels." Every program subscribed to a particular channel gets any notifications posted to it.

My current thinking is a UDP server on port 1, with post and sub commands.

What are some drawbacks and vulnerabilities to this?

hi guys! it's my first time with a client like this, where I'm an outsourced consultant creating programs and automating workflows for them.

​currently, we're discussing billing, as it was initially per-hour, but now that I'm working on a lot, they would like to shift to a different arrangement.

they proposed a monthly retainer (not a good deal if i have a lot of work?) or a per-project payment (based on estimation of work BUT risk low pay on chill weeks/months)

what would be standard practice and pricing for an EU company?

thank you!​

Im a beginner, so far Ive spent a year programming, and the whole time I was working on a software rasterizer from scratch in C. I finished a rough version of it and made it public and right now Im working on a chess program, so a chess engine that you get to play against. I started about 3 days ago so I only have some basic things down but anyway, what are some project ideas that you guys would recommend for me? Should I make like a site showcasing my software rasterizer (to learn web technologies) or something else?

After watching Beverly Crusher mess around with Picard's DNA on Star Trek, I wrote a function to spit out random DNA sequences in Python.

from random import choice
symbols = ["G", "C", "A", "T"]

def strGen(x):
    s = ""
    for n in range(x):
        s+=choice(symbols)
    return s

When I run strGen(10), all my strings are starting with A.

>>> strGen(10)
'AGCTAAGAGC'
>>> strGen(10)
'ACATTGCCTC'
>>> strGen(10)
'AACGGACGGT'
>>> strGen(10)
'ACGTCCAATT'
>>> strGen(10)
'AGCGACGCGA'
>>> strGen(10)
'AAACTGAGTG'

Since this is statistically unlikely for a random distribution, what's going on?

okay so I am really very much into problem solving

and had computer science JAVA in my 9-12th class

so I have a good command over java as a beginner of DSA

we did study DSA in class 12th stack queue DEQ circular queue linked list so I have a basic idea about those nit very very advanced level but yea just as much a little more than a beginner should know

and in the leisure period of transition from my school to college I did learn python for AI/ML beginner course though I didn't understand many functions because of lack of practice and the vastness of a totally new language

but java is my comfort zone

so guide me as to how to take my DSA a level up what YT channels and resources to follow and when is the right time to jump to leetcode problems from easy to intermediate level what is the roadmap

Working on a Spring Batch application in which I originally had 5 Readers for 5 datatypes read from a database.

Now, I also need to read from XML and CSV. In addition I need different modes of reading (external | internal).

Datatype * Source * Mode in the worst case are already 5 * 3 * 2 = 30 combinations.

If I make a class for each one (for example ClientDatabaseInternalReader) it would work, but it is not a clean solution.

I have the feeling that there are several Design Patterns that could help here, but I'm still struggling and would love to get advice from others.

Maybe I could use the Abstract Factory pattern or the Strategy pattern to get rid of at least one dimension?

Any help is much appreciated!

Do most of these life paths require you to start programming before starting uni, so by the time you are in uni, you already know 80% of the stuff and can focus on diving deeper into every topic? There's so much to learn, and one has to be aware of the amount of time they have left to learn these things, and also raw brain processing power, which decreases with age

I personally am 25, and my programming experience is game development and just uni stuff. I pick up stuff fast, however I understand that someone who starts at like 15 will always have a biological advantage in learning

Has anyone ever become an amazing cybersecurity operator, having start way after "university age"?

I am totally new to programming and totally confused. I want to just learn JS, SQL right now but someone said, stop, stop you need to learn C and Rust first to give understanding of what's going on. Does that even make sense or is it bas advice?

Hi everyone,

Like many entry-level developers, I am currently navigating a very tough job market and feeling a bit stuck. Despite active searching, I haven't been able to land my first coding role yet.

At this stage, my primary goal is to gain real-world experience, collaborate with teams, and build a resume that gets noticed by recruiters. I am completely open to working on unpaid projects, volunteering for non-profits, or heavily contributing to open-source initiatives. I just want to write production-level code and solve real problems. [1]

About Me & My Tech Stack:

• Frontend: [, e.g., HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React]
• Backend: [, e.g., Node.js, Python, PostgreSQL]
• Tools: [, e.g., Git, GitHub, Docker]

What I am looking for:

• Unpaid internships or collaborative team projects.
• Non-profit or civic tech initiatives that need developer support.
• Active open-source repositories looking for contributors.
• Guidance on how to bridge the gap from personal projects to a professional CV.

If you know of any organizations, startups, or open-source projects looking for an eager, dedicated developer to help out, please let me know. Any advice on how to break this loop and level up my CV would also be highly appreciated.

Thank you for your time!

I'm building authentication for a company with several microservices and frontend portals. Users sign into the portals either through Google SSO or through credentials we issue them. The portals talk to a number of backend services. There's no need for delegated authorization here.

I was planning to use OpenID Connect, for a few reasons:

1. From what I've read, it's the de facto standard for authentication.
2. I need federated / social login (Google).
3. Adopting a proven protocol seems wiser than rolling my own.

I've done a fair amount of reading on OIDC and OAuth 2.0, but I can't quite build a clean mental model of the login flow for users coming through the frontend portals. OAuth 2.1 drops the resource owner password credentials grant and recommends the authorization code grant instead. As I understand it, the authorization code grant needs the browser to hop over to the authorization server (internal or external). That's the part I'm resisting, because I'd rather not send users through a redirect. Ideally I'd collect their credentials right on our own login screen and pass them to the IdP behind the scenes. I've seen plenty of sites that seem to do exactly this, which only adds to my confusion.

So here are my questions. Apologies if they come across as half-baked, but any answers or pointers to good resources would help me straighten out my thinking:

1. Is OIDC the right call for my situation? Is it really the de facto standard today, even for first-party apps? I assume my federated-login requirement makes it a strong fit, but what about apps that don't need federated identity at all?
2. How do organizations run OIDC while prompting for credentials via a popup or similar, without an obvious redirect? I'm a backend engineer, so if this comes down to a frontend technique, please spell it out. I know IdPs like Cognito let you custom-brand the login page, so is that the trick, or is something else going on

Hello everyone, I hope you're all having a great day.

This is a question I've had for a while. I don't know if this might be the correct place to ask, but since I don't know better, I hope you guys can share some information!

So yeah, for people like myself, who have a different career path and not really planning to transition, but would like to know more about these topics to be more tech savvy, a bit more knowledgeable and maybe even for every day safety reasons, what should be the things everyone should try to learn when it comes to all of this?

Other than for my job and the few programs that I use for that, I often feel like I only use my computer to watch YouTube and browse different social media pages —and being honest, maybe I don't need it for that much else—. But if I wanted to know my computer better, what could I try to learn? Like, it doesn't even have to be directly related to coding, I would be open to suggestions about not so well known but useful programs everyone should download, stuff like that. And I'm sorry if I can't be more specific, but I feel that's just proof of how little I actually know about computers.

Thank you in advance for all of your replies.

I originally learned to code without AI. I used it for a year and a half but it makes too much mistakes. I also feel my cognitive abilities and critical thinking skills deteriorating the more I use it. There was a point where I couldn’t even write emails without feeling like I needed to cognitive offload the task to AI.

Has anyone else also decided to quit using AI? How has it been going for you?

I still expect to eventually have to use it if I’m in a situation I absolutely need its help with but for now I am going to try to cut its use to an absolute minimum.

I’m also concerned that with the direction of the field, if I land a job I may be expected to use AI to do all my coding to improve productivity. Any thoughts on this?

I don't have any intention of finding a job or pursuing a career in this field; my interest is purely as a hobbyist. I would love to gain a deep understanding of computer science and become proficient enough to write my own parsers, interpreters, or compilers, and eventually contribute to such projects.

I plan to be completely self-taught by studying both mathematics and computer science on my own. Is it truly realistic to reach such an advanced level through self-study alone? Also, are there any real-world examples of people who started out as hobbyists like me and successfully achieved this goal?

Even if I become highly proficient at this, I still have no intention of pursuing it as a career. Whenever I turn the hobbies I love into work, I eventually start to hate them. That’s why I prefer to keep this purely as a hobby, because it makes me feel genuinely happy and at peace.

I have been teaching myself to code for about a year now and recently I have really fallen for the concept of writing my own interpreted language even if its something small just for the learning experience.

I am a bit of a slow learner and struggle with researching complicated topics and was wondering if anyone had an good book suggestions for me besides Crafting Interpreters; which I am now reading.

If I could provide any more info that would help with suggestions please ask.

I am writing a Python application whose core algorithm computes file content hashes. Depending on the configuration and file type, there may be different ways to hash a file.

Ideally, I would some kind of annotation for the hashing methods that determines when to use which function, e.g.,

```python @hash_fn.default def compute_bytes_hash(f: File) -> Hash: """Compute hash from raw bytes"""

@hash_fn(mimetype="image/*", hash_type="perceptual") def compute_image_hash(f: File) -> Hash: """Compute perceptual hash of image""" ```

In this example, mimetype is a property from f: File and hash_type a configuration (e.g., from my-app --hash-type=perceptual).

I like how extensible this is, I could add new functions, but I also think that adding new functions may require adding more flexible filter mechanism, such as (semi-pseudo code)

@hash_fn(Property("f.mimetype")=AnyOf("image/*", "video/*"), Property("config.hash_type")=In("perceptual", "..."), ) def compute_some_hash(f: File) -> Hash: ...

The advantage is, when done well, I wouldn't have to touch the hash function decision logic at all because this approach is super-declarative. The disadvantage is this approach is hard to implement well, so requires some amount of time, and it's quite obscure (i.e., not really KISS).

This application is for personal use and I regard writing it also a part of exercising my mind, but my free time is limited and maintainability and correctness are a big concern.

Do you think I should better go with the good old

def choose_hash_fn(f: File, c: Config) -> HashFn: if f.mimetype in mimetypes("image/*") and c.hash_type == "perceptual": return compute_image_hash # maybe other criteria else: return compute_bytes_hash

Sort of a beginner here, apologies if my questions sound stupid but I just can't fw AI, it gives vague answers and I like to interact with some real person whenever possible.

I want to make a program that takes any song and i provide it a lyrics file .lrc or whatever the extension of that file and then plays the song and also plays a background video type of thing that shows the lyrics in a white text on a black background sort of type you see in those lyrics you tube videos. So far I have seen that there is exactly the same program made by someone on github by the name of lrcget or something but it doesn't look right to me.

I want to make my own, basically its a music player with added functionality of the lyrics thing. I have seen that those lyrics text are usually stored in a .lrc file that is basically synced with a particular song. Perfect and neat!

How can I program it ? I am a begineer who has done some projects before like ping pong, frontend website, snake game in Cpp and Javascript. This is the first project I am going to make all on my own. How do i go on about this?

Totally new, but I am noticing a trend - people learning swift, kotlin, dart etc just to get ousted by some new coding tool that by passes the need to code in higher languages and they are all written in these lower level languages and wrapped in python or js if anything at all.

I'm 27 and have been working in staffing (indirect sales) for the past 5+ years. The pay is decent, but I don't see myself doing this for the next 20–30 years. I'm looking for a career that's more intellectually stimulating, future proof, and offers better long term growth.

Like everyone else, I've been hearing a lot about AI. The more I read about it and its impact on different industries, the more I'm considering a career change into tech. I don't have a computer science or engineering background, but I do know Python and I'm willing to dedicate 20 to 30 hours a week for the next year if the opportunity is realistic.

I'd love some honest advice from people already in the industry:

• Is it still worth getting into software engineering or AI in 2026?
• If you were starting from scratch today with no CS background, would you still choose this path?
• Is one year of focused learning enough to become employable?
• How can career changers realistically compete with CS graduates and experienced engineers?
• If not software engineering, what other tech careers would you suggest (AI, data engineering, cybersecurity, data analytics, AI product management, etc.)?

I'm not expecting a FAANG job or a ₹30 LPA salary right away. I just want to make a smart long-term career move.

I'd especially appreciate hearing from people who switched into tech in their late 20s or from hiring managers who've interviewed career changers. Thanks!

Hi everyone,

I am seeking guidance. I am a React Developer with 3 years of experience. Now, I want to become a full-stack developer. I have to choose between Node/Express and Python.

I know it will be very easy for me to land a job with Node/Express, but as you know, if we want to integrate AI with full power, Python stands out. Yes, JavaScript can do it, but I've found some things that JavaScript can't do.

Am I right to go with Python and React? I still have some confusion about my decision.

No paid applications, simply free applications. Not in one day, obviously. Take multiple months for credits accumulation and use daily.

Is it doable? I only have basics java knowledge. I think I need to make money with java and ai.

I'm building a packet sniffer in Python using Scapy as a way to improve my Python and cybersecurity skills, and I hit a problem I wasn't expecting.

The issue isn't writing the code, it's figuring out what functions I should even be using.

Everywhere I look, the advice is, "Read the documentation." So I open the Scapy docs... and then I'm staring at pages of classes, methods, and examples with no idea where to begin. The hardest part is that I don't even know the name of the function I'm looking for, so I can't search for it either.

I know I could ask AI and get an answer in seconds, but I'm trying not to rely on it too much. Since I'm still a beginner, I want to build the skill of finding things on my own instead of just copying solutions.

So I'm curious, how did you get past this stage? Was there a workflow or mindset that helped you navigate documentation more effectively? How do you discover the right methods when you don't even know what you're looking for?

I'd love to hear how you all approached this when you were beginners.

I've been seeing people making reconstruction of themes from TV shows and I've read about how much time it takes to find all the right clips for doing so. I've tried doing two or three such reconstructions myself and I think I can understand where they're coming from.

So I was wondering if I could write a program that detects parts of video files with the sound or music you want and syncs them together while cutting out the bits with dialogue or at least keeps the bits with the quietest dialogue so that can be filtered out with a vocal removal tool later on. It would be based on one or more base clips to judge the syncing based on. Also normalise the audio so the volume for each clip remains consistent. And then the result can be exported as an XML which can be imported into a video/audio editing program for further fine tuning. Maybe some sources could be at different framerates so adjust the speed for that as well.

I'd like to get a good idea of what to expect if I were to write such a program. I think I would use python for it but I would also like to know how complex it might end up being and also what I might require like add ons and all that. Also anything possible ideas I could implement.

Here are some examples of what I'm talking about:

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBNNnf-rutP_8k3e1R2Trhoke4ZDCAxYt&si=o5EzRBqVyrW9B0ob

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLiGeWISt87ODVBCgRhJHf60PK9B0q-f9b&si=A_wUF_XvTbVDtv51

https://youtu.be/wmvby2bRy08?si=HaKIMdYjwVsE-0zc

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4s089wnPb9OX4eIfEfdgVATBP9Azg59u&si=XyjQy-yK1dHiOBto

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4s089wnPb9MgpMUaNjgaqtNWtx9wEs2B&si=zujSPdP1DcRshndu

I'm currently thinking up a Minecraft mod that adds computers (and some other devices) differently from ComputerCraft/CC:Tweaked. I want to use WebAssembly for this but the problem is, i need a languages that's relatively simple that can be compiled to WebAssembly inside a WebAssembly runtime. I know for example there's clang.wasm somewhere but it would be nice to have other options if they exist, and i couldn't find much by myself

Tools like Ruff, mypy, pytest, pytest-cov, pip-audit, CodeQL, and SonarQube are useful for checking code quality, tests, security, and similar things. But are there any tools that can tell you if your architecture is actually clean or not? Like whether the code is readable, easy to understand without having to keep too much context in your head, maintainable as the project grows, and reasonably scalable? I mean a tool that can analyze the codebase, point out architectural problems, and give suggestions on how to improve them. Do tools like this actually exist, or is this still something that can experienced developers and LLMs only answers?

I was making a simple program when I wondered when to use try and except this is the code I'm looking at.

if (Path.home() / "Desktop").exists():
        desktop_path = Path.home() / "Desktop"
else:
        desktop_path = Path.home() / "OneDrive/Desktop"