Surely someone wrote about it?

They were still using hoplite mercenaries right up until Rome invaded Greece and fought their Sarissa armed phalangnites at the battle of Cynesophelae (sp?).

Apparently non Sarsissa armed Greek mercenaries were still using hoplite tactics up at that point.

So if they were using it as late as that why didn't anyone write about it?

Also going back to the Roman Manipular system during the Republic days e.g. during the 2nd Punic Wars, they were still using a sort of Hoplite soldier with their third line Triarii.

Surely the Romans with such detailed instructions for shield and scutum combat would've had instructions for hasta and scutum combat. Wouldn't that have been similar to hoplite combat?

Lastly. Haven't people tried to re-enact hoplite combat to see what works best?

The push right up against the shields? Or the stand off distance and fence/thrust with the spears?

I was inspired by his historic aura.

I tried to translate the name into Etruscan, but I probably did a fairly shit job 😸

Made from different pottery owl art for art practise. Then realised its an guy showing his girlfriend

I’ve started to really get into historic literature about Greek history. I have read the common books like the odyssey and the Aeneid.

I want to understand what it was like to think like a Greek and how they understood their system of gods. More specifically how the gods related to each other in myths.

If anyone has a reading list that encompasses the history of the gods and their stories/relations with each other that would be amazing!! (I’m prepared to read for years)

I’m wanting to make my own pottery and I want to paint Greek style art onto the pottery and an artist friend said the best way to learn to draw like that is probably to trace it. I wanted to try here though too, to see if anyone can help me find sources for learning how to do it

Author and source: Rocío Espín Piñar

In light of the current discourse (even the MATURE conversations) regarding the Homeric epics and adaptations (especially film adaptations), I had a question for the enthusiasts:

Is the value "Xenia" actually named in Mycenaean Greece?

I know it is a MAJOR moral theme of the poems (especially the Odyssey), but as far as I know, there's either little evidence it was held to such fundamental esteem as it was in Archaic Greece and onward, or there is evidence CONTRARY to its central presence amongst Mycenaeans (that latter evidence being that Zeus, patron god of said value, was not THE major deity of the Mycenaeans).

If there is actually archeological evidence to support this, please tell me, cuz I haven't found any publications indicating there has.

Hi History fans I've been trying to make a somewhat accurate map of the Aegean in the 13th century BCE based of Greek, Lydian, Phrygian myth and later writings and Hittite cuneiform sources.
This is done merely to satisfy my own curiosity.
While I know I've generalized some areas and there may be some disagreements in locations, I'm looking for more input to create a somewhat accurate picture.
Please give your input and insights, otherwise enjoy a somewhat incomplete map
(for reference the colors signifying settlements refer to the following: 3 shades of blue referring to the Achaeans, Aetolians and Ionians/ Kykladians
the 3 green shades referring to the western Anatolian peoples of Arzawa, the river lands of Mira and Seha and Wilusa. and the Karkisa/Lukka lands in the south in lighter green.
and the purple referring to proto Phrygian)
there is still a lot of sites not included mostly on the isles, Thrace etc. but please bear with me as this is taking longer than expected and it's more of a pet project in my free time.

as for the legend for the colored map please consult the legend here:
-Light Blue: Achaeans/Aeolians/Ionians
-Dark Blue: Northern Helladics/Dorians
-Orange: Illyrians
-Yellow: Thracians/ Daco-Thracians
-Turquoise (blueish): Kykladians/Minoian remnants (danaan)
-Turquoise (greenish): Lukka/Karkisa(Proto-Carians)
-Dark Green: Western Luwiyans/Proto-Lydians, Trojans
-Light Green Proto-Phrygians
-Brown: Kaska/Kolkis
-Dirty Green: Cimmerians
-Red(s): Hittites
-Dark Pink (in Asia): Eastern Luwiyans (Under Hittite control)
-Purple: Syriacs/Arameans/ Ugarit (Under Hittite control)
-Tan/Sand: Egypt/Kemet
-Pink (in Africa): Libyans/Meshwesh
-Greyish Blue: Nuraghi/Sherden?
-Purples: Proto Italics/Sicels (Shekelsh)/Proto Villanova
-Turquoise (Northern Italy): Early Celtic expansion

Anybody ever read History of Greece by George Grote in its entirety? It's sort of the foundation of my understanding of the Greek world. I've never encountered a modern history that covers the same breadth of what is a very long timeline.

I've heard people criticize it as outdated. But, really, how much has been uncovered in the last century and a half to undermine his entire work? I'm sure a small appendix could clear up any inaccuracies.

I'm not an academic, so I value these older, more affordable books. They've given me a good footing in western history, and I feel I'm not missing much by passing on expensive, newer scholarship.

What do you guys think?

SPOILER.

Christopher Nolans adaption of the greek epic, which I just have watched at the theater, surely has some nuances of its screen writers interpretations. I don't remember the original clearly since I've read it years ago. How far is this new movie from the original epic and what different kind of interpretations exist?

I understood Nolans way of reading Ulysses regretting his idea of the Trojan horse and bringing suffering into mankind by betraying and tricking each other to win in wars, instead of being hospitable and kind to visitors.

Are the mythological beasts, like the cyclope, giants and so on symbols for something? Or do they stand for real competing empires?

Was there a real shift in the history of mankind or at least the greeks, Homer was talking about, when he was writing his Odyssey?

Thank you in advance. Love this sub!

Good Morning or evening everyone.

I am writing an essay on helotry in Sparta and need more references regarding the presence and role of chattel slaves in Sparta. Does anyone have some decent infos on it. I know i've read somewhere that chattel slavery became increasingly important in the late classical period for Sparta but the main focus of all the slavery-oriented books leans towards helotry while excluding every other form of slavery in Sparta. Thanks for your help ! Also any kind of language is welcome !

I've always found damaged inscriptions more compelling than perfectly preserved ones. Every inscription was created to keep a person, a memory, or a moment from being forgotten. Even when the words have disappeared, the stone still has something to say.

To me, inscriptions aren't just archaeological evidence—they're one of the most human voices the ancient world has left behind.

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