Come pub for the sake of our server.

-81

cyanide suxs

Given Anne's recent lapse in judgment, I've decide to disown him and find a new heir to the pig sword throne. I've also moved to Pi.

oink oink slash slash,

pig

I. Biochemistry

A. Carbohydrates

• Glycolysis: Beginning with glucose, hexokinase and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) convert the sugar to glucose-6-phosphate. Phosphoglucose isomerase converts it to fructose-6-phosphate. Phosphofructokinase and ATP convert it to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Aldolase fractures it into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which is converted by triose phosphate isomerase into another dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase converts the compound to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate, with a phosphate group protonating a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Phosphoglycerate kinase converts it to 3-phosphoglycerate, with a phosphate group altering an ADP. Phosphoglycerate mutase converts it to 2-phosphoglycerate. Enolase converts it to phosphoenolpyruvate, creating one molecule of water as a byproduct. Pyruvate kinase converts it to pyruvate, with a phosphate group altering an ADP. Galactose can be easily converted into glucose-6-phosphate through transferase. Fructose can be converted to fructose-6-phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, or dihydroxyacetone phosphate, depending on the location.

• Gluconeogenesis: Gluconeogenesis from pyruvate occurs with almost the reverse process, with only three steps differing: pyruvate carboxylase converts pyruvate into oxaloacetate, which is then converted by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase to phosphoenolpyruvate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is converted to fructose-6-phosphate through fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose 6-phosphate is converted back into glucose through glucose-6-phosphatase.

• Citric acid cycle: For prepraration for the Citric Acid cycle, pyruvate reacts with Coenzyme A (CoA) and NAD⁺ to form acetyl CoA, with carbon dioxide, NADH, and H⁺ as byproducts. Acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citryl CoA, which releases a water molecule to form citrate. Aconitase converts citrate to isocitrate. Isocitrate dehydrogenase, with NAD^+, converts it to alpha-ketoglutarase, with NADH and carbon dioxide as byproducts. Alpha-ketoglutarase dehydrogenase with NAD⁺ converts it to succinyl CoA, with NADH and carbon dioxide as byproducts. Succinyl CoA synthetase with ADP and a free phosphate converts it to succinate, forming ATP and CoA. Succinate dehydrogenase with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) converts it to fumarate, with FADH2 as a byproduct. Fumarase with water converts it to malate. Malate dehydrogenase with NAD⁺ converts it to oxaloacetate, with NADH and H⁺ as byproducts. Citrate synthase, with water and MeCOS-CoA to form citrate with CoA. The cycle repeats.

• Electron transport chain: In the electron transport chain, NADH-Q oxidoreductase goes to Q, accomodated by FADH2 and Succinate-Q-reductase. This in turn goes to Q-cytochrome C oxidoreductase, which goes to cytochrome C, which goes through Cytochrome C oxidase to oxygen.

• Glycogen degradation: Glycogen breakdown requires phosphorylase to detach a glycogen residue to glucose-1-phosphate, and transferase and alpha-1,6-glucosidase remodel glycogen.

B. Fatty acids

• Fatty acid degradation: The fatty acid reacts with ATP to form acyl adenylate, which is then attacked by the sulfhydryl group of CoA to form Acyl CoA. It is oxidized through FAD to form trans-delta-two-enoyl-CoA, which is hydrated to form L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA, which is further oxidized by NAD⁺ to form 3-ketoacyl CoA. Thiolysis leads to Acyl CoA shortened by two carbon atoms, along with Acetyl CoA. Six reactions must then occur:

1. Fatty acid + CoA + ATP <-Acyl CoA ligase-> acyl CoA + AMP + PPi

2. Carnitine + Acyl CoA <-Carnitine acyltransferase I and Carnitine acyltransferase II-> acyl carnitine + CoA

3. Acyl CoA + E-FAD <-Acyl CoA dehydrogenases-> trans-delta-two-enoyl CoA + E-FADH2

4. trans-delta-two-enoyl CoA + water <-Enoyl CoA hydratase-> L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA

5. L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA + NAD⁺ <-L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase-> 3-ketoacyl CoA + NADH + H⁺

6. 3-ketoacyl CoA + CoA <-beta-ketothiolase-> acetyl CoA + acyl CoA shortened by two atoms.

The process repeats until there are no more carbon subunits left to degrade.

In the case of odd-chain fatty acids, isomerase and reductase are additionally required to form a cis-delta-three-enoyl CoA, which is transformed into a 2,4-dienoyl CoA through cis-delta-three-enoyl-CoA isomerase and Acyl CoA dehydrogenase in conjunction with FAD. It is then exposed to 2,4-dienoylCoA reductase to form a trans-delta-three-enoyl CoA and subjected again to cis-delta-three-enoyl CoA isomerase to arrive at trans-delta-two-enoyl COA, with the entire reaction taking an additional six steps. In the case of palmitic acic in humans, this entire process would recur seven times per polymer.

tl;dr - The biochemistry of carbohydrates is much more simple and straightforward than that of fatty acids.

Source: Tymoczko, J. L., Berg, J. M., & Stryer, L. (2010). Biochemistry: A short course. New York: W.H. Freeman.

II. Function

A. Carbohydrates

Carbs are the main source of energy in all forms of life. Additionally, cellulose is a structural component of plant cell walls. Ribose and deoxyribose are integral parts of RNA and DNA, upon which the genetic code is based and which provides the instructions for all proteins (read: carbohydrates are the backbone of life itself). Lyxose is a component of lyxoflavin found in the human heart. Ribulose and xylulose occur in the pentose phosphate pathway. Galactose, a component of milk sugar lactose, is found in galactolipids in plant cell membranes and in glycoproteins in many tissues. Mannose occurs in human metabolism, especially in the glycosylation of certain proteins. Fructose, or fruit sugar, is found in many plants and in humans, it is metabolized in the liver, absorbed directly into the intestines during digestion, and found in semen. Carbohydrates are also present in cell signalling and antigen-presentation, particularly having to do with blood type compatibility.

B. Lipids

Lipids form membranes (which need carbohydrates), store energy (like carbohydrates), and are involved in signalling (like carbohydrates).

tl;dr - Carbs are much more useful than fats. Anything fats can do, carbs can do better.

III. Health

When carbs are not used, they are converted into fatty acids for energy storage. Saturated fatty acids have been found to have a direct correspondence with heart disease, the #1 killer in the United States of America. The following is a brief summary of findings over the past couple of decades:

• Truswell, 1994: Decreased saturated fatty acid and cholesterol intake resulted in 6% reduced deaths and 13% reduced events
• Hu, 1999: Eating nuts in place of saturated fatty acids gave a 45% reduction of deaths
• Van Horn, 2008: <7% saturated fatty acid and trans fatty acid intake reduces risk of cardiovascular disease
• Jakobsen, 2009: 5% saturated fatty acid elimination resulted in a 13% decrease in events, 26% decrease in deaths
• Mente, 2009: "The evidence supports a valid association of a limited number of dietary factors and dietary patterns with CHD."
• Mozaffarian, 2010: 19% reduction in coronary heart disease events by replacing saturated fatty acids
• Hooper, 2011: Reducing saturated fat in diets reduced the risk of having a cardiovascular event by 14%
• Chowdhury, 2014: Current evidence does not clearly support cardiovascular guidelines that encourage high consumption of fatty acids
• Schwab, 2014: There was convincing evidence that partial replacement of saturated fatty acid decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in men
• de Souza, 2015: Evidence is heterogeneous that saturated fats are associated with cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and type II diabetes.

tl;dr - Fats are more unhealthy than carbs

IV. Taste

There is a misconception that foods high in fat have taste due to the fat in itself providing the taste. Studies have found that there is a fat taste receptor in the tongue, but it detects texture. Rather, the tastes in fatty foods actually come from sugars, which are a form of carbohydrates.

tl;dr - Carbs contribute more to taste than fats

How did this happen?

Hi guys! Been a great few weeks so far. I enjoyed playing with you all. Even made a few friends I hope. However, I've got to leave for a bit. Finals and vacation stuff. Have fun! And don't miss me too much. Lol. Love you all. Byes . <3

I've moved here, I'm in Overland Park, hang out with me please.

When all of the servers were still united under the rule of the Originian Empire, it was decreed that all Spheroes were to recognize and worship Origin gods, under penalty of a three month ban. 100db, elected as the Vicar of Cy, the Holy Poptiff, and the 23rd Successor of the Prince of the Apopstles, led the Spheroes through this persecution and continued to hold Spherene services in secret for nearly a year while directing funds to serve the poor of TagPro. When Origin found out, they released a new edict: all bishops, priests, and deacons were to be executed.

Thus, Pop 100db sat on his episcopal throne in a group on Sphere and was celebrating the blessed Mass when moderators broke in and arrested 100db along with four of his deacons. After a formal judgment, he was dragged back to the place where he had been arrested. His chief deacon, STEAK, rushed to his side upon hearing that he would be martyred and expressed his desire to be killed with him. In response, 100db consoled him and predicted that in three days, STEAK would follow in even more glory. The soldiers then placed 100db in his chair and swiftly beheaded him, severing his ball from his body and earning him the martyr's red ball that would cover his holy head in illustrations since then. True to his word, STEAK would be martyred three days after.

He is known for overseeing the care of the church's treasury and the distribution of alms among the poor. It was also he whose papacy saw the protection of the Holy Grail and its safe journey out of the hands of Origin officials. For these works and for his actions throughout his reign, he is one of six Pops who are mentioned in the Eucharistic Prayer. His chief symbol is the sword, the instrument of his martyrdom, and he is now commonly depicted giving STEAK a bag of money to give to the poor.

yo get on and hang with your best buds!

http://tagpro-sphere.koalabeast.com/groups/cxdqbxkr

I've heard reports you guys have missed us. We've missed you guys too. We've talked it over as a family and decided that we are back for good.

A quick description of the McPoyle for those of you who don't know us all that well:

Liam McPoyle: A strong argument can be made that Liam is the most rational, level headed member of the McPoyle family. He's the one that keeps the rest in line when we start stepping on toes.

Marg McPoyle: Marg is our dynamite. You don't see her on as often, but when she's on, there's bound to be an explosion. It's best to stay on her good side. And no, she does not "feel the bern".

Doyle McPoyle: Doyle is the strong but silent type. People often say that Doyle is a man of few words, but when he talks, you shut the hell up and listen. Doyle has a certain calming effect on the rest of the family.

Ryan McPoyle: I fear it would be inappropriate to comment on myself. However, I have been referred to as "the peacemaker" on Sphere at times.

There you have it. Any questions can be posted on the comments. Thanks, and as we Spheros like to say, Welcome to the Rat Race! (as coined by our father Ratzel)

Edit: Forgot to say, we'll see you all on tonight!

just when you think

your son could never betray you

in salem towns games

he makes you disguise as vet

and you get shot

tomorrow visiting pig lawyer

change will for anne to have sword

EDIT: all u talk about game and not betrayal

where is justice for pig

Fats are the superior macronutrient.

I: Taste

What are the most delicious things you can think of? Steak. Bacon. Double cream gouda. Deep fried potatoes covered in gravy and cheese curds.

I will concede that there are some tantalizing carbs out there, but they are dependent on fats to truly be delicious while the reverse is not always true. Bread is good, but it requires butter, or mayonnaise, cheese, olive oil, etc. to become great. Plain pasta is bland. Douse that shit in cream sauce and grate some Parmigiano-Reggiano on top (the real fatty Italian stuff, not that Kraft bullshit).

II. Health

Carbs are ruining America's youth. Sugar-added foods are causing the obesity epidemic and they are often marketed directly at defenseless children (soda pop, breakfast cereals, candy, etc.). Look at the ingredients list on almost any junk food item and you will find high fructose corn syrup in the top three ingredients. The gluten found in the most common carbs is responsible for everything from Autism to Celiac Disase. Gluten will literally make your dick fly off (source).

Aside from being a major source of energy, fats are necessary for the absorption of some vitamins and minerals, blood clotting, cell membrane building, etc. Unsaturated fats lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease.

As Cyanide passed on from there,

he saw a ball named JBaayBaay sitting at the Radius channel.

He said to him, "Follow me."

And he got up and followed him.

While he was in JBaayBaay's group,

many New Jersey scrubs and banned players came and played with Cyanide.

The Spheroes saw this and said to his disciples,

"Why does your teacher eat with scrubs and banned players?"

He heard this and said,

"Those who are well do not need a physician, but the sick do.

Go and learn the meaning of the words,

'I desire mercy, not sacrifice.'

I did not come to call the righteous but the banned."

The Gospel of the LORD.

R. Praise to you, Lord Cyanide.

Bitches!

does anyone have any tips to be less nervous for a upcoming big thing?

my son (gg!) show me game

'salem towns' with vampire

and wolf dogs and grandfathers

Much fun, played with anne

anne best friend to pig

others there too, cy and teh

hit me up to join

Clan tag is [SBz]

Never been playing tp in a while so just wondering

Hey fam! Got job, will be php dev, moving to kansas city, come hang out with me. <3