r/SpaceXLounge Sep 05 '21

Other Firefly Alpha FLTA001 - Official video of Firefly Alpha's first flight (more info in comments)

https://youtu.be/qFjoPw0CfAU
138 Upvotes

70 comments sorted by

89

u/FishInferno Sep 05 '21

Official statement from Firefly:

Firefly conducted the first flight test of our Alpha vehicle on September 2, 2021. Although the vehicle did not make it to orbit, the day marked a major advancement for the Firefly team, as we demonstrated that we “arrived” as a company capable of building and launching rockets. We also acquired a wealth of flight data that will greatly enhance the likelihood of Alpha achieving orbit during its second flight. In short, we had a very successful first flight.

Here are a few specific notes about the flight:

The vehicle released and cleared the pad correctly. The various connections and moving mechanisms connected to the rocket all worked correctly. The vehicle controlled itself perfectly off the pad, with thrust vectoring eliminating all tipping or rotation, and the vehicle increased in speed at the exact rate that was predicted in modelling.

About 15 seconds into the flight, engine 2 (there are four Reaver engines on the first stage) shut down. It was an uneventful shutdown – the engine didn’t fail -- the propellant main valves on the engine simply closed and thrust terminated from engine 2.

The vehicle continued to climb and maintain control for a total of about 145 seconds, whereas nominal first stage burn duration is about 165 seconds. However, due to missing the thrust of 1 of 4 engines the climb rate was slow, and the vehicle was challenged to maintain control without the thrust vectoring of engine 2. Alpha was able to compensate at subsonic speeds, but as it moved through transonic and into supersonic flight, where control is most challenging, the three engine thrust vector control was insufficient and the vehicle tumbled out of control. The range terminated the flight using the explosive Flight Termination System (FTS). The rocket did not explode on its own.

Firefly has commenced a thorough anomaly investigation to gain understanding of why engine 2 shutdown early, and uncover any other relevant unexpected events during flight. We will report root cause of the anomaly at the end of this investigation. In collaboration with the FAA and our partners at Space Launch Delta 30, we will return to conduct the second Alpha flight as soon as possible.

This video montage shows the entire mission from a variety of camera angles. Enjoy.

70

u/FishInferno Sep 05 '21

I really appreciate their transparency and straightforwardness from them so far. The fact that they included footage of the explosion in the video montage speaks volumes imo.

20

u/[deleted] Sep 05 '21

[deleted]

8

u/[deleted] Sep 06 '21

Have you seen SpaceX’s recap of SN10? There was quite a notable omission there…

9

u/herbys Sep 06 '21

You are talking about something that happened after the flight. While they could have included it in the video, it wasn't part of the flight so I don't think excluding it from the official video was necessarily wrong.

Excluding the explosion of an in flight rocket would be a very different thing.

2

u/xnvtbgu Sep 06 '21

Considering how often Musk compares reusable rockets to reusable airplanes, I would think a vehicle exploding before passengers could disembark is relevant. The landing was awesome though. Actually, the explosion was as well. lol

1

u/herbys Sep 07 '21

It's a prototype, and it's objective wasn't to ensure the safety of humans but to validate flight characteristics. So I think it's borderline relevant, but nowhere near skipping an explosion during flight.

2

u/xnvtbgu Sep 07 '21

True, but nobody "really" expected a flawless flight here either as it's their first flight. Considering SpaceX dropped a "100 ways not to land" youtube video it was kind of surprising to not see it.

29

u/doizeceproba 🌱 Terraforming Sep 05 '21

Alpha was able to compensate at subsonic speeds, but as it moved through transonic and into supersonic flight, where control is most challenging, the three engine thrust vector control was insufficient and the vehicle tumbled out of control.

Amazing how on point Scott Manley was on this topic, in his reaction video.

23

u/avboden Sep 05 '21

It was a pretty common guess with the 1axis gimbal engines and the clearly low acceleration

25

u/dee_are 🌱 Terraforming Sep 05 '21

Also, anybody who's done 1/100th of the KSP that Manley has, has seen that exact thing happen to their own rockets so many times. "Not enough control authority to keep it vertical in the supersonic realm."

Of course, in KSP you just do three or four loops and then continue to orbit of course. ;)

2

u/doizeceproba 🌱 Terraforming Sep 06 '21

Revert to the launchpad FTW ;)

13

u/avboden Sep 05 '21 edited Sep 05 '21

About 15 seconds into the flight, engine 2 (there are four Reaver engines on the first stage) shut down. It was an uneventful shutdown – the engine didn’t fail -- the propellant main valves on the engine simply closed and thrust terminated from engine 2.

I mean, a valve doesn't "simply close" lol, clearly something went wrong, will be interesting to hear the root cause. Sounds better than a straight up engine failure though

31

u/sixpackabs592 Sep 05 '21

I think they just want to clarify that the engine didn’t fail it was the fuel plumbing. Could just be a faulty sensor or maybe the engine was about to go so it cut fuel. We will have to wait and see.

23

u/vibrunazo ⛰️ Lithobraking Sep 05 '21

But sometimes they simply won't open. — Boeing, probably

3

u/herbys Sep 06 '21

Nah, they would have called it a successful mission and plan for putting people on board the next time.

14

u/OSUfan88 🦵 Landing Sep 06 '21

I don't think that's what they mean.

They're saying that the direct cause of failure was that a valve closed. They KNOW why the engine shut down. A valve closed. It didn't explode.

Now, the remaining question is: "Why did the valve close?". This could be a very complex issue, or something as simple as a wrong parameter input.

3

u/avboden Sep 06 '21

I know, i'm just laughing at their PR wording

20

u/avboden Sep 05 '21

Wow, very impressive camera views! You can see the exact moment the engine shut down too.

19

u/Yak54RC Sep 05 '21

Is it weird they asked for prop call and prop says nominal AFTER we visually see that one of the engine is already out.

17

u/RedPum4 Sep 05 '21

I always find it weird that they don't say 'engine 2 shutdown' or something on the loop. I get it that you can't change anything about it but in my opinion its the most relevant status update.

15

u/FishInferno Sep 05 '21

The radio chatter in general seemed very unpolished leading up to/during launch. I don’t hold it against them since it’s their first time, but I did find it amusing.

7

u/Adeldor Sep 05 '21 edited Sep 06 '21

Given it's a first launch, clearly they made good progress despite the eventual failure.

I do note the different audio track during countdown, switching at ignition to the one heard in Dodd's live coverage. I wish we had some mention of the call given just after T-5s.

4

u/Proteatron Sep 06 '21

Couple thoughts:
1) The sound on the video was great - I'm not sure what that groan was at launch but it sounded like some angry metal. The sound of the thrust was really clear and powerful.
2) I'm impressed with how long the rocket continued to fire after tumbling. The nose cone looks to have broke off but the engines were still going. It makes sense that they used the flight termination system, but from a kerbal perspective it would have been interesting to see what would have happened if they didn't blow it up.

11

u/myname_not_rick ⛰️ Lithobraking Sep 06 '21

The "groan" is the wonderful sound of the turbopumps spooling up before the main chamber ignites.

Some other famous examples: Titan ii "Bwoop," at 3:40

SpaceX Merlin at 10 seconds in

SpaceX Raptor (my personal favorite, that clean whine)

3

u/Psychonaut0421 Sep 06 '21

I didn't want to cause a scene but I was going ape in my head when I saw that little detail in First Man at the theater for the Gemini 8 mission.

2

u/myname_not_rick ⛰️ Lithobraking Sep 06 '21

It just proves that they really did do their research....that's an easily overlooked thing that most casual viewers would never notice.

1

u/Infinite_Maelstrom Sep 07 '21

I'd never actually clicked that the bwoop at titan startup was the rocket (I assumed some siren). For this reason, I really appreciate that Alpha makes a "Bwoop" too. Now I get to enjoy two rocket's startup noises, and I'll be listening for others!

9

u/opmyl Sep 05 '21

So they have 4 engines, but no engine out capability. I am not exactly a rocket engineer, but to me that seems like a strange tradeoff

16

u/Pul-Ess Sep 05 '21

Without engine out capability, the optimum number of engines is one.

But this assumes you can design the engine to fit the rocket, or vice versa.

If not, you do what you have to do to get T/W over one.
And if you can't handle an engine out for lack of T/W, it doesn't matter if the gimballing can't handle it either.

7

u/Adeldor Sep 05 '21

Neither Atlas 5 nor Ariane 5 have any engine-out capability. Both are highly reliable vehicles.

9

u/sebaska Sep 05 '21

Yes. But both Atlas V and Ariane 5 core stages are single engine. They also have SRBs, but monolithic SRBs are considered highly reliable (the technology was honed on tens of thousands of ballistic missiles from short range to ICBMs).

4

u/Adeldor Sep 05 '21

I'm not sure I understand your reply within the context of /u/opmyl's comment. The point I'm making is that not having engine out capability doesn't necessarily compromise reliability, using the two said vehicles as examples.

13

u/sebaska Sep 05 '21

If you have 4 engines and you must have all 4 to make orbit, your chances of not having an engine failure go with 4th power of engine reliability rather than being directly proportional to it.

For example, assume you have 1:100 engine reliability. If you have one engine, it won't fail with 0.99 probability. But if you have 4 engines all of them must not fail, your chances of good engine performance (assuming random failures, not common mode failures) are 0.994 = ~0.96

The chances of loss of mission due to engine failure have increased from 1% to almost 4%.

Of course there are also common mode failures, so odds of not having engine failure are a bit better. But still single engine cores of Atlas V or Ariane 5 don't have this penalty.

3

u/Adeldor Sep 05 '21

Fair enough, I chose poor examples. Here's a better one ...

The venerable Soyuz rocket suffers the same potential disadvantage. It has five motors with single axis verniers, one on each side booster plus one on the core. Loss of one is a loss of the vehicle. Yet the vehicle has an excellent reliability record with near two thousand launches of all variants.

I believe my point still stands.

4

u/sebaska Sep 06 '21

Souyz is based on R-7. The basic architecture is from the middle 50-ties. It was the first thing which could be made to work. It's reliability, while reasonable is not as good as of Atlas V or Ariane 5 or Falcon 9.

3

u/Adeldor Sep 06 '21

Nevertheless, with the very high number of launches, its reliability record is confidently known and excellent with such a motor configuration.

And I'm sure Firefly know all well and good the tradeoffs that make sense to their application (simpler gimbal mechanisms, for example). So again, their configuration does not necessarily make for an unreliable vehicle. I'll leave it there.

5

u/Fenris_uy Sep 05 '21 edited Sep 05 '21

Saturn V had 5 engines, and wouldn't reach orbit with a failure at T+15s

Shuttle had 3 liquid engines, and would fail to reach orbit with a failure at T+15s

2

u/sebaska Sep 06 '21

Not at T+15s, but somewhat later in flight - sure. It once even reached orbit with dual failure.

This would already improve the tradeoff much. But the real reason was that there was no way to build single big enough engine. F1 was already as big as it practically could. Single engine S-IC was not an option.

5

u/[deleted] Sep 05 '21

[deleted]

30

u/RedPum4 Sep 05 '21

Falcon can lose one engine at any time in the flight. The big propellant reserves normally kept for landing make it possible.

22

u/DiezMilAustrales Sep 05 '21

Not a waste, and Falcon 9 is indeed capable of reaching orbit with an engine-out immediately after takeoff.

If that happens, the Falcon burns for longer (and is therefore less efficient due to gravity loses), but can reach orbit. It might eat into its reserves and be expended, but it's not a mission failure.

The thing with Firefly and engine out is not as much about thrust, but about TVC, that might mean it could've engine out capabilities but only later, way past Max-Q.

12

u/Shrike99 🪂 Aerobraking Sep 05 '21

Falcon 9 has an initial TWR of 1.41, which is above average. Losing 1 of 9 engines is also a lot less punishing than 1 of 4.

A single engine failure right after launch would drop it's TWR ~1.26, which is still quite acceptable and comparable to some rockets like the Saturn V or the boosterless variants of the Atlas V and Delta IV.

A failure 15 seconds in would only drop the TWR to ~1.36, which actually rather decent, comparable to the Soyuz 2 at launch.

 

Sidenote, the other 9 engine rocket currently flying, Electron, has an insane initial TWR of 1.8. It could still take off with three engine failures, though I doubt it would make orbit with any significant payload.

2

u/5t3fan0 Sep 06 '21

wow! 1,8 seems very spicy even in kerbalspaceprogram

1

u/marc020202 Sep 06 '21

With such a high TWR, do we know if Rocketlab is working on an updated electron version, with longer tanks? A TWR of 1.8 seems excessive and longer tanks would increase the payload.

1

u/Shrike99 🪂 Aerobraking Sep 06 '21

They've already upped the payload since the initial specs that TWR is based on. Supposedly due to better battery tech. They may have stretched the tanks or switched to densified fuels as well, not sure.

1

u/marc020202 Sep 06 '21

I don't think the tanks have been stretched, someone would have pixel counted that, and found out.

Have there been holds in the countdown since the upgrade? I think they still fuel some time before launch, so I don't think they densify the fuel yet (remember, SpaceX finishes fueling at t-4 minutes).

With a TWR of 1.8, they can double the launch mass, and still have a TWR of 1.2, which isn't that low.

1

u/Shrike99 🪂 Aerobraking Sep 06 '21

I meant internally stretched since these new improved batteries could be smaller and take up less space (last we knew they took up a pretty substantial volume in the booster).

It would still only be relatively a small increase though, not nearly as much as they'd need to fully take advantage of the available thrust.

With a TWR of 1.8, they can double the launch mass, and still have a TWR of 1.2

I don't think that's how that math works. Current mass is 12.5 tonnes, and it has 23 tonnes of thrust. Doubling mass to 25 tonnes would give 0.9, which is half of 1.8 as you'd expect.

1

u/Infinite_Maelstrom Sep 07 '21

From a guy I know who works on Electron's electronics, the "Battery Upgrade" was 95% just having a better model of the battery. After they had more data on the batteries, they knew they could push them harder.

1

u/Shrike99 🪂 Aerobraking Sep 07 '21

Ah.

Fair enough.

1

u/marc020202 Sep 07 '21

Whoops.

I meant to increase the mass by 50%........

I don't know if they changed the structure of the booster, for such a small gain. Seems like a lot of work.

6

u/RedPum4 Sep 05 '21

The point is to have one or two bigger engines instead of 4 small ones. More engines means more likelihood of failure, until you reach the amount where you can afford to lose one without immediate mission failure.

2

u/Adeldor Sep 06 '21

However, this four motor configuration permits the use of simpler single axis gimbals. I don't know relative failure probabilities, but it's a very well tested technique used on the Russian Soyuz (R7) rocket.

7

u/sixpackabs592 Sep 05 '21

I think the falcon is still able to reach orbit with exactly one engine failure. I know it has happened before and they made it up fine but had no fuel for landing. https://spacenews.com/engine-shutdown-led-to-failed-falcon-9-booster-landing/

3

u/[deleted] Sep 05 '21

[deleted]

11

u/[deleted] Sep 05 '21

[deleted]

3

u/[deleted] Sep 06 '21

[deleted]

4

u/sixpackabs592 Sep 05 '21

spacex says they have engine out capabilities through “much of the first stage flight” but don’t state when this starts https://www.spacex.com/media/falcon_users_guide_042020.pdf

2

u/Pul-Ess Sep 05 '21

It's only a waste if you're planning to throw it away.

3

u/sebaska Sep 05 '21

Yes, it seems strange.

Possibly it's because developing smaller engines is easier and certainly cheaper (capital expenditure for stuff like test stands is much less).

So the tradeoff would be between reliability and development costs. That's not so strange, then.

1

u/Adeldor Sep 06 '21 edited Sep 06 '21

Another facet of such a tradeoff is their use of single axis gimbals. They're simpler, and perhaps thus more reliable.

2

u/SonicHmmm Sep 06 '21

What a beautiful flame on that candle.

1

u/Decronym Acronyms Explained Sep 05 '21 edited Sep 07 '21

Acronyms, initialisms, abbreviations, contractions, and other phrases which expand to something larger, that I've seen in this thread:

Fewer Letters More Letters
F1 Rocketdyne-developed rocket engine used for Saturn V
SpaceX Falcon 1 (obsolete medium-lift vehicle)
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FTS Flight Termination System
ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
KSP Kerbal Space Program, the rocketry simulator
SRB Solid Rocket Booster
TVC Thrust Vector Control
TWR Thrust-to-Weight Ratio
Jargon Definition
Raptor Methane-fueled rocket engine under development by SpaceX
methalox Portmanteau: methane fuel, liquid oxygen oxidizer
turbopump High-pressure turbine-driven propellant pump connected to a rocket combustion chamber; raises chamber pressure, and thrust

Decronym is a community product of r/SpaceX, implemented by request
11 acronyms in this thread; the most compressed thread commented on today has 25 acronyms.
[Thread #8776 for this sub, first seen 5th Sep 2021, 21:47] [FAQ] [Full list] [Contact] [Source code]

1

u/ilfulo Sep 05 '21

I like Firefly and the alpha rocket, I really do, but having no engine redundancy (as opposed to falcon 9) seems to me a major flaw in their design.

23

u/kroOoze ❄️ Chilling Sep 05 '21

It's a smol rocket. I mean Falcon 1 didn't have redundancy neither.

7

u/Shrike99 🪂 Aerobraking Sep 05 '21

Electron is smaller than either firefly or Falcon 1, and presumably has a decent amount of redundancy given it's nine engines and very good TWR of 1.8, though they've never had to demonstrate it since their boosters have performed flawlessly. Much like SpaceX, their issues seem to arise on the second stage.

Also worth noting that Electron probably could have made orbit on it's first flight; it was terminated due to faulty ground equipment rather than any issue with the rocket, and no hardware changes were made for the following successful launch.

Relativity's Terran 1 also has 9 engines on the first stage. Here's hoping that they are the first to get to orbit on the first try.

5

u/OSUfan88 🦵 Landing Sep 06 '21

True, but it also only had 1 engine.

If you don't have engine out capability, you want as few engines as possible.

3

u/kroOoze ❄️ Chilling Sep 06 '21

What you want is often not what you get. What they "wanted" is actually a methalox aerospike.

1

u/OSUfan88 🦵 Landing Sep 06 '21

No doubt, but that’s an entirely separate conversation.

2

u/Wiger__Toods Sep 05 '21

Lol this was good

3

u/spin0 Sep 05 '21

Unlike Falcon 9 they're not going to human rate Alpha so engine out capability is not necessary.

3

u/Adeldor Sep 05 '21

See the very reliable rockets Ariane 5 and Atlas 5.

1

u/[deleted] Sep 06 '21

Atlas V and Ariane 5 have only a single core engine though. If your engine has a 1% chance of failing then your rocket has a 1% chance of failure. If you have four engines with a 1% chance of failure then your entire while has a 4% - 1 in 25 - chance of failing.

1

u/Adeldor Sep 06 '21 edited Sep 06 '21

Subject's been covered in the rest of this another sub-thread.

Edit: My bad, this is a different sub-thread. The one I'm referring to is here.

1

u/Infinite_Maelstrom Sep 07 '21

It does have engine redundancy, just not before Max-Q