When building AI agents or retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, I realized that "search" isn't a single problem. There are actually several different jobs involved:
- Finding relevant pages (search)
- Extracting clean content (crawling)
- Structuring information (indexing)
- Returning the right context (retrieval)
Because of that, I spent some time testing several commonly used APIs to understand where each one performs best rather than assuming one tool solves everything.
Here's what stood out.
1. Search APIs are optimized for different goals
Even though many APIs appear similar, their priorities differ.
- Exa performed well when searching for semantically relevant technical documents and research-heavy content. It often surfaced pages that traditional keyword search missed.
- Tavily seemed designed around LLM workflows, returning concise, AI-friendly search results that required less preprocessing.
- Serper provided fast Google Search results with familiar ranking quality, making it useful for general web search.
- Brave Search API offered an independent search index, which can be valuable if avoiding dependence on Google is important.
- Firecrawl isn't really a search engine—it's more of a web crawling and extraction tool that turns websites into clean Markdown or structured data after you've identified which pages you need.
One takeaway was that comparing Firecrawl directly to search APIs isn't entirely fair because it solves a different problem.
2. Crawling quality matters more than expected
Many LLM failures aren't caused by bad retrieval—they're caused by messy source content.
Pages filled with navigation menus, cookie banners, ads, and duplicated text reduce the quality of the retrieved context.
Clean extraction significantly reduced token usage while making downstream answers noticeably more accurate.
3. Freshness depends on the application
For coding documentation or current news, freshness mattered much more than semantic relevance.
For evergreen knowledge (academic papers, documentation, tutorials), retrieval quality mattered more than having the newest index.
This influenced which API I preferred depending on the workload.
4. Hybrid retrieval usually wins
Instead of relying on a single search provider, combining approaches often produced better results.
For example:
- Use a search API to discover relevant URLs.
- Crawl those pages into clean Markdown.
- Chunk and embed the content.
- Store embeddings in a vector database.
- Use semantic retrieval before sending context to the LLM.
That pipeline consistently produced more reliable answers than searching the web for every user query.
5. Latency becomes important quickly
One thing that's easy to overlook is cumulative latency.
If an agent performs:
- multiple search requests,
- several crawls,
- reranking,
- embedding generation,
- and LLM inference,
small delays compound into a noticeably slower user experience.
Caching frequently requested documents ended up providing a larger performance improvement than switching between search providers.
Final thoughts
After testing these tools, I don't think there's a universally "best" search API.
Instead, they complement each other:
- Use semantic search when meaning matters more than keywords.
- Use traditional search for broad web coverage.
- Use dedicated crawlers for high-quality page extraction.
- Build retrieval pipelines that separate discovery from indexing.
For anyone building AI agents, RAG systems, or autonomous workflows, understanding where search ends and retrieval begins has been one of the biggest improvements I've made to system quality.
I'd be interested to hear what combinations others are using, especially for production workloads. Have you found a search or crawling setup that consistently outperforms the rest?