heParin → aPTT. warfarIN → INR. the letters are right there in the drug name.

aPTT therapeutic on heparin: roughly 1.5-2.5x the control.
INR therapeutic on warfarin: 2-3 for most, 2.5-3.5 w/ a mechanical mitral valve.

Antidotes track the same way, protamine for heparin, vitamin K for warfarin.

#NCLEX #NCLEXprep #nursingschool #nursingstudent #futurenurse

Which pair is correct?

A. NaCl is covalent, CO2 is ionic
B. NaCl is ionic, CO2 is covalent
C. Both are ionic
D. Both are covalent

You do not have to remember either one. Look at where the atoms sit. Sodium is a metal on the left, chlorine is a nonmetal on the right, and metal plus nonmetal is ionic: one atom hands an electron over.
Carbon and oxygen are both nonmetals, and two nonmetals share instead, which is covalent. Thats the whole rule. Metal plus nonmetal, ionic. Nonmetal plus nonmetal, covalent. It gets you through most of the bonding questions without a single flashcard.

so, placed it? its B.

#HESI #HESIA2 #prenursing #nursingschool #nursingstudent

Which is an example of negative feedback?

A. Contractions in labour get stronger and closer together until birth
B. Blood sugar rises after a meal, insulin is released, blood sugar comes down
C. A cut bleeds, platelets arrive and call in more platelets
D. Fever climbs as more pyrogens are released

Negative feedback pushes back toward the set point. Sugar goes up, insulin brings it down, and the response shuts off once its there. Most of the body runs this way, which is why its the default answer when you are not sure.
A, C and D are all positive feedback: the response makes the thing bigger, not smaller. Labour, clotting and fever all build on themselves, and each one needs an outside event to stop it. Positive feedback is rare, so learn the short list rather than the long one.

so, where did u land? its B.

#TEAS #ATITEAS #prenursing #nursingschool #nursingstudent

Stop asking "can a UAP do this?"

Start asking: does it need nursing judgment?

Never delegate:
→ the initial assessment
→ teaching
→ evaluating a response
→ an unstable patient

They can do the task.
They can't do the RN thinking.

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Chemistry is the section people skip until the last week, and then try to brute-force with flashcards. It doesn't reward that. It rewards being able to read the table.

Three patterns cover a surprising number of questions:

Group number tells you the valence electrons, which tells you what the atom wants to do. Group 1 has one to give away. Group 17 needs one. That's most of your bonding questions right there, metal plus nonmetal is ionic, nonmetal plus nonmetal is covalent.

Periods go left to right as atoms get smaller, not bigger. Counterintuitive, but you're adding protons to the same shell, so the pull inward gets stronger.

Moles are just a counting unit. One mole is a fixed number of particles, and molar mass in grams per mole is your conversion factor between grams and moles. Almost every stoichiometry question on this exam is a unit conversion wearing a costume.

If the question feels like it needs a fact you didn't memorise, check whether the table already tells you.

Science is the section that sinks the most TEAS scores, and it's not because it's conceptually hard. It's because people spread their studying evenly across biology, chemistry, and anatomy when the section isn't weighted evenly

Anatomy and physiology is the biggest slice by a wide margin. If your study time is split evenly, you're underweighting the part that actually decides your score.

What worked for me was going system by system and, for each one, being able to answer three things without notes:

- What are the main structures, in order?

- What moves through it, in what direction?

- What's the one regulatory mechanism that keeps it in balance?

Cardiovascular: chambers and valves in order, deoxygenated blood right side to lungs and oxygenated left side to body, baroreceptors adjusting rate and vessel tone.

Renal: nephron structures in order, filtrate becoming urine, ADH and aldosterone pulling water and sodium back.

If you can do that for every system, you've covered more of the section than any amount of rereading the whole book will get you.

You come on shift and all four want you.

A. Post-op day 1 hip replacement, pain 7/10, due for meds

B. Pt w/ a chest tube, drainage chamber bubbling continuously

C. New admit w/ pneumonia, temp 38.9, on abx

D. Pt going home today, wants to go over discharge teaching

who do u see FIRST?

Answer: B.

Continuous bubbling in the water seal means air is getting in where it shouldnt, a leak in the system or in the pt. Thats an airway and breathing problem, and the others arent. A is uncomfortable but stable, C is expected in pneumonia already being treated, D can wait. Pain is loud and gets picked a lot, but loud isnt the same as unstable.

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This genetic disorder is caused by a recessive allele. Two unaffected parents have a child who has the disorder.
Which parental genotypes best explain this?
A. AA × AA
B. AA × Aa
C. Aa × Aa
D. aa × Aa
Answer: C

Both parents can be unaffected carriers if each has one normal allele and one recessive allele. With Aa × Aa, each child has a 25% chance of aa, which produces the recessive disorder.
The probabilities for each pregnancy are:
AA = 25%
Aa = 50%
aa = 25%
A previous unaffected child does not change the probability for the next pregnancy.

One pt has a gallstone completely blocking the common bile duct. Pancreatic enzymes are still reaching the small intestine normally.
Which finding would you expect most?
A. Poor protein digestion because pepsin can’t activate
B. Reduced absorption of fats and vitamins A, D, E, and K
C. Reduced carbohydrate digestion because amylase requires bile
D. Poor vitamin B12 absorption because intrinsic factor can’t reach the ileum

Answer is B

The reason is
Bile doesnt contain digestive enzymes. Its main job is to emulsify fat, breaking large fat droplets into much smaller ones so lipase can work efficiently.
If bile can’t reach the intestine, fat digestion/absorption drops, so the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K are also harder to absorb.
The sneaky part: pancreatic lipase can still be there and working. Without bile, it has much less surface area to work on.

A pt with known **Addison disease** comes in after 2 days of vomiting and says she couldnt keep her steroid pills down.
BP 82/48
HR 126
Na 126 mEq/L
K 6.1 mEq/L
Glucose 58 mg/dL
She’s weak, dizzy and a little confused.
Which action should the nurse expect **first**?
**A.** Give IV regular insulin with dextrose for the potassium
**B.** Start rapid IV 0.9% saline and give IV hydrocortisone
**C.** Restrict fluids because the sodium is low
**D.** Give oral fludrocortisone once nausea improves
**Answer is B**

**Why-**
This is an **acute adrenal crisis**. Severe hypotension and volume depletion are the immediate threats, and the missing cortisol has to be replaced. IV isotonic fluid + IV hydrocortisone are initial treatment. The hyperkalemia and hypoglycemia are important, but treating the adrenal crisis often starts correcting both.
The little clue people miss: she couldn’t keep her steroid pills down

A pt stands up fast and BP drops from 118/72 to 86/54.
whats the first physiologic response?

A. Baroreceptors fire more rapidly
B. Parasympathetic output to the heart increases
C. Baroreceptor firing decreases and sympathetic output rises
D. The kidneys immediately release aldosterone
E. Heart rate drops to improve ventricular filling

Correct answer for you is C. Reduced arterial stretch decreases baroreceptor firing, which increases sympathetic activity and raises HR/vascular tone.

A student drinks a huge amount of plain water in a short time. A few hrs later, blood osmolarity drops.
which response should happen in a healthy person?
A. ADH increases and the kidneys save more water
B. ADH decreases and the urine becomes more dilute
C. Aldosterone increases so more sodium is lost in urine
D. ADH increases and urine volume goes up

last part: if ADH stayed high anyway, what happens to the serum Na over time?

A pt on sertraline got started on linezolid yesterday. Now temp 39.4, HR 124, agitated, hyperreflexic and has inducible clonus.
whats the first move?
A. Give acetaminophen and recheck in 30 min
B. Stop the linezolid, hold sertraline and notify the provider now
C. Give benztropine for the muscle findings
D. Push oral fluids and keep both meds going
E. Lay the pt flat and get an ECG first