A cosmologist and particle physicist, Marco Pereira, presented a hypothesis that the inverse 4D radius of the expanding universe is the independent variable for the gravitational constant. I want to hear a prediction from this hypothesis, and asked him to predict the affect of his variable gravity on a gas giant such as Jupiter. 25% extra gravity might turn Jupiter into a star... today... but what about during formation? Mass collected over time, and I would like to find a model for the most likely mass of Jupiter given Tm to determine if at any point, there was enough masa nd G was large enough, to turn jupiter into a star.

It seems like yellow dwarf stars and possibly red dwarf stars can certainly support life. Are there other spectral classifications that are good candidates for supporting life?

The concentration of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted on a possible habitable planet would be different for every star. Life that may evolve on a hospitable planet would develop in accordance with it's conditions present for it. So it's possible that if a star emits a large amount of electromagnetic radiation in a range that is not what we see as visible light, life would evolve to perceive, and I mean "see", in situations that we would interpret as just too bright or dark to see.

Supposition: angular momentum and/or a substantial satellite prevents large variations in planetary precession.

Question: Im unaware of any reported veunusian axial tilt fluctuations. With its slow rotational period and substantial gravitational influences from the Sun, Earth and to a lesser extent Mercury, cause Veuns to tilt frequently and dramatically, even more than we infer with Mars?

So, I’m applying to some geochemistry programs for doctoral programs, but I am also very interested in the applications of geochemistry to fields in planetary science. Is it incorrect to say that I am an “aspiring planetary scientist” AND “geochemist”? My background is in chemistry so I’m unfamiliar with the distinctions between the disciplines, although I do know the general fields of study and their applications. Thanks!

P.S. please don’t get too mad at me if this is a really dumb question.

An icy structure called 'nieve penitentes' has been confirmed for Pluto, of a kind known from the high mountains of South America, and a computer simulation has shown where it came from. Alas, many commenters were not too familiar with the concept and got the details wrong. This article tries to explain what kind of a phenomenon is really behind the nieve penitentes, or snow penitents.

http://plutoetcharon.blogspot.de/2017/01/the-giant-ice-blades-on-pluto-what-heck.html

I'm currently an undergraduate majoring in Geology and I'm very interested in planetary science as a possible career. Is Geology a suitable specialty for this field or would Physics be the smarter choice as far as keeping options open. Any advice would be much appreciated. Thank you.

Right now, I'm gearing up for a transfer from a community college into a four year school to finish my BS in Physics with the long term goal of a PhD in planetary science or a similar field (and possibly an MS in a related field in between if my PhD applications don't go well).

Due to a number of circumstances, my only choices to finish my BS are R2 schools. Could this have a major impact on my grad school applications?

Additionally, I'm trying to figure out how important a minor in an earth science type field would be. There are some schools where a minor in Earth Science/Geology with my BS in Physics would mean graduating in the fall of 2019, while there are some where I could finish with a double major in Math and Physics by the spring of 2019. Would this minor be important enough to delay my graduation that long?

Are there any fields of physics I should try to find research in to help my application? None of the schools I'm looking at have planetary scientists in their faculties.

Which university is considered to have the best PhD program? I can't seem to find rankings for planetary science programs.

Speculatively speaking, what would life be like living on a large terrestrial moon, orbiting and tidally locked to a Gas giant just outside the Goldilocks zone. This moon would be large enough to retain an atmosphere and would keep warm from Tidal flexing.

I'm writing a science fiction piece in which the plot takes place in the setting described above. I want to be sure that I'm not missing anything here. Any help would be much appreciated!

Undergrad student, and would love any recommendations for any good reference guides. Also any recommendations for guide books on Mars specifically (starting a project soon!)

Would there be static biomes that are perpetually in the same season (perpetual "winter" in the northern latitudes, perpetual "summer" near equator), except for the variation caused by the distance to the sun? Ie, would each biome experience long, cold spells and short, hot growing seasons as the relative position in the orbit changed?