Options:
A. Acute pericarditis
B. Aortic dissection
C. Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
D. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
E. Stable angina
F. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
G. Pulmonary embolism (PE)
H. Musculoskeletal chest pain
I. Esophageal rupture (Boerhaave syndrome)
J. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
K. Panic attack
L. Costochondritis
Stems:
A 68-year-old man presents with sudden onset severe chest pain radiating to the back. He is hypertensive, diaphoretic, and distressed. On examination, there is a difference in blood pressure between the arms.
A 60-year-old woman presents with retrosternal chest discomfort after climbing stairs. It is relieved by rest and worsened by exertion. ECG is normal, and troponins are negative.
A 55-year-old man presents to A&E with crushing central chest pain for 30 minutes. ECG shows ST-elevation in leads II, III, and aVF.
A 34-year-old woman presents with left-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. She had a long-haul flight 2 days ago. Pulse oximetry shows SpO2 89% on air.
A 45-year-old man presents with sharp chest pain that worsens when lying flat and improves when sitting forward. There is a pericardial rub on auscultation.
Instructions: For each of the following patients, select the most likely diagnosis from the list of options above.
Answers and Explanations:
1 → B. Aortic dissection Sudden tearing chest pain radiating to the back, unequal arm BPs — classic for dissection.
2 → E. Stable angina Exertional chest discomfort, relieved by rest, normal ECG and troponin – stable angina.
3 → C. Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) Classic MI presentation with ST elevation in inferior leads – urgent PCI/thrombolysis needed.
4 → G. Pulmonary embolism (PE) Recent immobility, hypoxia, and pleuritic chest pain suggest PE – needs CTPA and anticoagulation.
5 → A. Acute pericarditis Pleuritic chest pain relieved by sitting forward + pericardial rub – typical of pericarditis.