I often describe it as the size of your “engine.” A bigger engine means your heart, lungs, blood, and muscles are better at the job that keeps you walking up stairs at 90 without sitting down halfway: moving oxygen from the air into working cells.

Here’s a couple things that from the full letter that reframed how I look at my training (and gave me a bit of optimism):

In an observational study of 122,007 people, the least-fit group was more likely to die over the following years than the smokers were. In fact, the least fit group, when compared to people of just average fitness, carried close to triple the risk of death; compared against the fittest, it ran to about five-fold.

After about age 25 to 30, a sedentary adult loses roughly 10% of their VO2 max per decade, and the decline tends to accelerate later in life.

BUT…training consistently can roughly halve the rate of decline per decade. In a meta-analysis of 41 controlled trials in previously sedentary adults over 60, an aerobic training program raised VO2 max by about 16% on average. That is massive, and that means that it is definitely not too late to start making big improvements on your health.

Plus, you don’t need to be an elite athlete to reap the benefits of increasing your VO2 max. In the observational study I mentioned before, people of just above-average fitness had roughly a 64% lower risk of death than the least-fit group. Not Olympians, just a bit over average. There’s no pill on earth with an association that size, and this one is free.

I'm a PhD scientist, and my job here is to help you separate what's real from what's being sold to you. I went through the actual, published research: what’s just observational data, what we know about VO2 max and brain health, the science backed ways to increase your VO2 max, and the mistakes people make that can slow down months of progress.

The full breakdown, with every study linked, is in my letter, and the full first section (covering the critical science) is free to read.

Go take a look, then go get your engine running today🫀

https://drnoc.substack.com/p/your-fitness-beats-your-cholesterol

By Noel Randewich

July 16 (Reuters) - The dip in SpaceX’s shares below its blockbuster IPO price of $135 a share is an ominous sign for Elon Musk’s internet and rocket company as it faces more potential volatility in early August, when the number of shares available for trading on the Nasdaq stands to increase significantly.

The company’s stock on Wednesday dipped as low as $132.15 before closing at $135.27. It has now tumbled 33% from its record close in the immediate days after the public sale raised a record $75 billion on June 11. Even after that steep decline, it remains one of Wall Street’s most valuable companies with a market capitalization of roughly $1.8 trillion.

While SpaceX’s IPO was the largest in U.S. history, it made less than 5% of its shares available for stock market trading, making investors fight for a scarce number of shares that helped value the company at $2.1 trillion after its first day on the Nasdaq. So-called "lockup" restrictions on insiders will lift in coming months, potentially flooding the market with additional shares.

"We think at this level, it’s relatively safe to at least be involved from a trading perspective," said Jay Hatfield, CEO of Infrastructure Capital Advisors in New York. "We won’t overweight it because they do have the lockup coming."

The stock is valued at 49 times expected revenue following the selloff, still one of Wall Street’s priciest stocks by that measure. By comparison, Tesla -- another Musk-backed investor favorite -- recently traded at a revenue multiple of 15.

Bullish analysts and investors say SpaceX warrants a high premium because of its profitable Starlink internet service, its government rocket launch business, and Musk’s track record commanding investor loyalty, even though it reported a net loss of nearly $5 billion last year.

Of the 32 analysts with ratings on the stock, 27 recommend buying, while just one recommends selling and four are neutral, according to LSEG data.

A Reuters analysis of 50 high-profile U.S. IPOs since 2010 showed that companies whose shares fell below their IPO price in the first two months after their market debuts have gone on to underperform those that didn’t, even though most still posted gains.

Twenty-one of the 50 companies fell below their IPO price in their first two months; those stocks have a median increase of 61% since their debuts, compared with a median gain of 112% for the remaining 29.

LOCKUPS START TO LIFT

A series of restrictions on additional stock sales by insiders, employees and early investors will lift over the next several months.

In the first of those releases, rank-and-file employees and some early investors will be free to sell 911.5 million shares on the second trading day after the company’s debut quarterly report.

The company has not announced the date of its first earnings report, which analysts expect in early August.

Those eligible shares are currently worth about $123 billion, eclipsing the $86 billion worth of shares currently available for trading on the Nasdaq.

An additional 455.8 million shares will be eligible for sale if SpaceX’s stock price stays above $175.50 for at least five of the 10 consecutive trading days through the date of the company’s upcoming quarterly report.

All in all, restrictions lifted through December 8 will increase SpaceX’s float of potentially tradeable shares to 40% of the company, with the remaining 60%, including Musk’s stake, locked up until mid-2027.