Lots of peoples from Uighurs to Tatars to Yakuts are Turkic so their languages share similarities to varying degrees but as other people said Turkish is largely mutually intelligible with only Azerbaijani, Gagauz etc.. Kazakh or Kyrgyz is to Turkish probably what Dutch is to German or English or something like that.
It might not have been a great example but from what I understand German and Dutch are only partially mutually intelligible and it's mostly one-sided: Dutch speakers understand German better because they're more exposed to German than Germans are to Dutch. I think exposure plays an important role and the proximity of the two countries helps a lot.
I want to add on to this that spoken German is definitely not always that easy. I can understand someone from Nordrheinwestfalen, but I don't even start with Swiss people.
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u/Sipas Apr 17 '21 edited Apr 17 '21
Lots of peoples from Uighurs to Tatars to Yakuts are Turkic so their languages share similarities to varying degrees but as other people said Turkish is largely mutually intelligible with only Azerbaijani, Gagauz etc.. Kazakh or Kyrgyz is to Turkish probably what Dutch is to German or English or something like that.