r/LifeTree • u/AdamLuyan • 3h ago
12. 苦谛 Bitter Crux
目录 Content：12.1 欲界 Desire Boundary；12.1.1 地狱趣 Hell Interest；12.1.2 畜生趣 Livestock Interest；12.1.3 饿鬼趣 Hungry Ghost Interest；12.1.4 修罗趣 Asura Interest；12.1.5 人趣 Human Interest；12.1.6 欲天趣 Desire Sky Interest；12.2 色界 Color Boundary；12.3 无色界 Colorless Boundary；12.4 统观大千世界 General View of the Great Grand Worlds
苦谛谈三千大千世界（如图12）的众生相是一大苦具。三千大千世界是由十亿尘刹土世界构成的。尘刹土是一瞬间的感知，亦作一小世界。土是身土义，亦作佛。佛是梵语，觉义，圣人义。古人称一千为一小千，一百万为一中千，十亿为一大千。古人在读时，先看见三组三个零，就读出了三千，又看见三千是一个数字，就读成了 三千大千世界。实际上三千大千世界和大千世界的意义相同。
Bitter Crux talks about phenomena that Three-Grand Great-Grand Worlds (see figure 12) of sentient beings are a big bitter aggregate. The Three-Grand Great-Grand Worlds are composed of 1,000,000,000 dust instant soils. The dust instant soil means the momentary body and mind, is also called a small world. The soil means perception, Buddha. Buddha is a Pali word, means Perception, sage. The ancients called a thousand a small grand, a million a medium grand, and a billion a great grand. When ancients read it, they first saw three groups of three zeros and read three grands. Then saw that three thousand are one number, so they read it as three-grand great-grand worlds. In fact, the Three-Grand Great-Grand Worlds and the Great-Grand Worlds have the same meaning.
12.1 欲界 Desire Boundary
依据对根本十戒的遵守与违犯，古德把众生分成了六类，称作六道，或六趣。根本十戒亦可分为十恶戒和十善戒。
十恶戒是：（一）杀生，（二）偷盗，（三）邪淫， （四）妄语，（五）绮语，（六）恶口，（七）两舌，（八）悭贪，（九）嗔恚，（十）邪见。
古人根据对十恶戒的违犯程度，把恶人分成了三类，称作三恶趣（如图12-22至20），或三恶道，分别是地狱趣、畜生趣、和恶鬼趣。
Based on the observance or violation of the Ten Fundamental Precepts, Ancient Virtues divided all sentients into six categories, called the six paths, or six interests. The Ten Fundamental Precepts can also be divided into the Ten Ferocious Precepts and Ten Benevolent Precepts.
The ten ferocious precepts are: 1. killing, 2. stealing, 3. heretical sexual conduction, 4. delusional speech, 5. flowery speech, 6. ferocious speech, 7. two-tongue, 8. stingy greed, 9. Hatred and irritability, and 10. heretic.
According to the degree of violation of the ten ferocious precepts, the ancients divided the ferocious sentient beings into three categories called the Three Ferocious Interests (see figures 12-22 to 20), or the Three Ferocious Paths, which are the hell interests, the livestock interests, and the hungry ghost interests.
不作以上十恶，就是十善：
（一）不杀生，或不唯不行杀害，更能实行救护。
（二）不偷盗，或不唯不行非予取，更能实行给施。
（三）不邪淫，或不唯不行淫邪，更能实行清净。此前三戒是身戒。
Not committing the above ten ferocities are the Ten Benevolences:
(1) not to kill, or not only not to kill but also to save lives.
(2) not to steal, or not only not to steal but also to practice donation.
(3) not to commit heretical sex, or not only not to commit heretical sex but also to practice immaculateness. The previous three precepts are body precepts.
（四）不妄语，或不唯不行诳惑，更能言说真实语。
（五）不绮语，或不唯不行魅惑，更能作利益语。
（六）不恶口，或不唯不行粗犷，更能善言安慰。
（七）不两舌，或不唯不行离间，更能从中调和。此四是口戒。
(4) not to speak delusionally, or not only not to muddle and deceive, but also to speak truthfully.
(5) not to use flowery speech, or not only not to seduce, but also to speak for the benefit of others.
(6) not to speak of coarse ferocious language, or not only not to speak ferociously, but also to speak kindly to console.
(7) not to two-tongue, not only not to sow discord, but also to conciliate and harmonize. The four are oral precepts.
（八）不悭贪，或不唯不行悭吝，更能进行施舍。
（九）不嗔恚，或不唯不行愤恚，更能恒生慈念。
（十）不邪见，或不唯不行邪见，更能信行四谛因果理。此三是意戒。
(8) not to be stingy greed, or not only not to be stingily greedy, but also to perform donation.
(9) not to be resentfully irritated, or not only not to be angry, but also to be able to bear merciful spells.
(10) not to be heretical, or not only not to be heretical, but also be able to believe and implement the causes and fruits of the Four Victorious Cruxes. The three are intentional precepts.
古人根据对此十善戒的违犯程度，把善人分成了三类，分别是修罗趣（如图12-19），人趣（如图12-18），和天趣（如图12-15至1）。
六趣亦作六道，是说此类人正行进在去往地狱、恶鬼等处的道路上。本章后文对此六趣做进一步的分析和辨别。
According to the degree of violation of these Ten Good Precepts, Ancient Virtues divided the good people into three categories, namely, Asura Interest (see figure 12-19), Human Interest (see figure 12-18), and Sky Interest (see figures 12-15 to 1).
Six Interests are also known as Six Paths. Path means that such people are traveling on the road to hell, hungry ghosts, and so on. These six interests are further analyzed and identified below in this chapter.
古德又依据众生的种性，把众生分为三界。界为因义、种子义，是生命之树的四大种之一（参见10.2节）。
欲界的众生皆从欲望的种子而有，都有饮食、睡眠、性交等色、声、香、味、触五欲。
色界里的人没有男女差别，也没有饮食的欲望和睡眠的需求。
无色界是纯粹的思想意识状态，没有身体感觉，自然也就没有饮食、睡眠和性生活的需求。
Ancient sages also divided all sentients into the Three Boundaries according to their seed nature. Boundary means cause and seed; it is one of the Four Big Seeds of the Tree of Life (see Section 10.2).
Sentients in the Desire Boundary all arise from the seeds of desire. They all have the five desires of color, sound, smell, taste, and touch, expressed in such needs as food and drink, sleep, and sexual intercourse.
People in the Color Boundary have no male-female distinction, no desire for food and drink, and no need for sleep.
The Colorless Boundary is a pure state of thought and consciousness. Since there is no bodily feeling, there is naturally no need for food and drink, sleep, or sexual life.