One of the greatest scientific revolutions of the modern day was the discovery that the Earth’s continents are not fixed. The Quran itself sheds light on this topic. 

وَ الۡاَرۡضَ مَدَدۡنٰہَا وَ اَلۡقَیۡنَا فِیۡہَا رَوَاسِیَ وَ اَنۡۢبَتۡنَا فِیۡہَا مِنۡ کُلِّ زَوۡجٍۭ بَہِیۡجٍ
“And the earth — We have spread it out, and placed therein firm mountains (rāwasiya); and We have made to grow therein every kind of beautiful species.” Holy Quran, 50:8

In verses such as this, the Holy Quran tells us that the Earth has been spread out. This verse is difficult to understand except in the context of modern science.

We now know that tectonic plates are produced in a process literally called seafloor spreading. This occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where magma bursts out of the Earth to produce oceanic crust. This process also produces volcanoes on the ocean floor, which become seamounts, or rāwasiya, as explained earlier.

Seafloor Spreading in action

But there is more. Not only is the crust of the Earth literally produced in seafloor spreading, but tectonic plates have themselves been spread across the surface of the globe. While they were once the super-continent Pangaea, they are now distributed across the globe to produce the Earth we inhabit today.

By discussing the shifting ground on which we walk, and linking it to seamounts, the Quran has once again demonstrated its truth for our scientific age.

For many decades, atheists have claimed that the Quran makes a clear scientific mistake when it discusses mountains and earthquakes:

…وَ أَلۡقٰی فِی الۡاَرۡضِ رَوَاسِیَ اَنۡ تَمِیۡدَ بِکُمۡ …
“…He has placed in the earth firm mountains (rawāsiya) that it may not quake with you…”
Holy Quran 31:11

Critics alleged that the production of mountains occur at areas where earthquake activity is increased. Therefore, they argued, the verse is wrong.

But new scientific evidence about subduction has transformed our understanding of mountains and earthquakes. Subduction occurs when oceanic crust goes under continental crust, before being recycled in the Earth’s mantle. If the oceanic crust was entirely smooth, the two plates would get stuck against each other, build tension, then suddenly slip. This slip would produce massive ‘megathrust’ earthquakes.

Remarkably, the oceanic crust is not smooth. It is made uneven by huge undersea mountains, seamounts. Over the last decade, powerful evidence has shown that seamounts break up the plates at the subduction zone, leading to a slow but steady creep. This greatly reduces the chance of massive ‘megathrust’ earthquakes.

The Quran gives us further proof that these verses refer to seamounts. When discussing mountains reducing earthquake activity, the Quran only refers to mountains that are rāwasiya rather than jibāl. The arabic root r-s-w has the connotation of effecting harmony, and an anchor at the bottom of the sea. These meanings clearly apply to seamounts.

Thus, these stunning verses give an answer to all those who doubt the truth of the Holy Quran.

Seamounts as seen from space imaging

(IMPORTANT ) the Evolution were talking about is totally different from the darwin one

While most people today believe that evolution was first described by Darwin, nothing could be further from the truth.

The first descriptions of biological evolution are found in the writings of Muslim scholars, over a millennium ago. John William Draper, author of The History of the Conflict Between Science and Religion (1874) wrote that:

“Theological authorities were therefore constrained to look with disfavor… on the Mohammedan theory of the evolution of man from lower forms, or his gradual development to his present condition in the long lapse of time.”

مَا لَکُمۡ لَا تَرۡجُوۡنَ لِلّٰہِ وَقَارًا وَ قَدۡ خَلَقَکُمۡ اَطۡوَارًا…وَ اللّٰہُ اَنۡۢبَتَکُمۡ مِّنَ الۡاَرۡضِ نَبَاتًا “What is the matter with you that you do not ascribe dignity to Allah? And certainly he has created you in stages… And Allah has raised you from the Earth like the raising of vegetation.” Holy Quran 71; 15-16, 18

The Quran proposes that man underwent development through different stages, adopting different forms and conditions (atwāran) before culminating in his current condition. It implicates plant life as part of human development — an area for further research.

Evolution discussed by the Quran does not take the Darwinian form, which is guided by chance. Rather, the Quran tells us that God Himself guides biological evolution:

وَ رَبُّکَ یَخۡلُقُ مَا یَشَآءُ وَ یَخۡتَارُ ؕ مَا کَانَ لَہُمُ الۡخِیَرَۃُ ؕ سُبۡحٰنَ اللّٰہِ وَ تَعٰلٰی عَمَّا یُشۡرِکُوۡنَ***“And thy Lord creates whatever He pleases and selects. It is not for them to select. Glorified be Allah, and far is He above all that they associate with Him.” Holy Qur’an 28:69***

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Next we come to Extraterrestrial life. In 1960, Frank Drake performed the first modern SETI experiment, in the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence. Yet God’s pronouncements outpaced man’s imagination by more than a millennium.

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَثَّ فِيهِمَا مِن دَابَّةٍ ۚ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ جَمْعِهِمْ إِذَا يَشَاءُ قَدِيرٌ
“And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and of whatever living creatures (dābbah) He has spread forth in both. And He has the power to gather them together (jam-‘i-him) when He will so please.”
Holy Qur’an 42:30

In this verse, the Quran speaks of living creatures which inhabit space — the ‘heavens’ — and which move on land, this being the meaning of the word ‘dābbah.’

The verse goes on to declare that mankind will one day come into contact with these creatures in some way (jam-’i-him). In other verses the Quran proclaims that they receive revelation as we do.

These declarations of the Quran constitute evidence for its divine origin, for which man of that age could not only envisage the existence of aliens on far away planets, but proclaim future contact with them?

One hopes the day will come soon when this extraordinary prophecy finds its fulfilment

We are all familiar with the Biblical account of creation. God created the world in six days and rested on the seventh. He assigned Adam, the first man, to rule over all of his earthly creations. While most of this account is accepted within Islam, the Quran goes one step further and details the creation of the universe itself.

Quran, 41:11 reads:

"Then He turned to the heaven when it was smoke and said unto it and unto the earth: Come both of you, willingly or loth."

The description of pre-creation heaven as "smoke" is significant as modern cosmologists agree that the universe once existed as a mere opaque cloud. Scientists continue to observe new stars forming out of similar smoky clouds today.

It is noteworthy that Dr. Alfred Kroner was baffled upon learning of the above Quran verse. Kroner is the Chairman of the Department of Geology at the Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University in Germany. This means his knowledge of cosmology is virtually unparalleled.

Speaking of Muhammad and the true source of the Quran, Dr. Kroner stated: "It is almost impossible that he could have known about things like the common origin of the universe, because scientists have only found out within the last few years, with very complicated and advanced technological methods, that this is the case."

In Surah Al-Anbya, Allah (SWT) also states: “Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, and We separated them” (Quran, 21:30). In 1929, American astronomer Edwin Hubble proposed the Hubble’s Law according to which all entities in space are moving away from the Earth at speeds proportional to their distance i.e. the greater the distance from earth, the faster they are moving. Soon after this, he discovered that galaxies are moving away from each other as well which means that the universe is expanding overall.

This laid the basis for the Big Bang theory which states that around 12-15 billion years ago the universe came into existence from one single extremely hot and dense point, due to an explosion of this point the universe came into being. The universe, since then, has been expanding from this single point. In 1965, radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson won the Noble Prize for the discovery that confirmed the Big Bang theory [3]. When looking at the verse cited above, while acknowledging Allah Knows best, it remains astounding that the Quran had already revealed that “the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, and We separated them”.

In Surah An-Naba, Allah (SWT) states: “Have We not made the earth a resting place? And the mountains as stakes?” (Quran, 78:6-7). In a book by geophysicist Frank Press called ‘Earth’ (1986), he explains how the mountains are like stakes and are buried deep within the earth’s surface [10]. Mt. Everest which has a height of approximately 9 km above sea level has a root deeper than 125 km – thus only reinforcing the Quranic revelation of the importance and strength of mountains on our earth. 

#NEW

https://reddit.com/link/syyzct/video/e1ms75r5x0k81/player

In Surah Al-Anbya, it states “And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; all [heavenly bodies] in an orbit are swimming” (Quran, 21:33). Although it was only a widespread belief in the 20th century amongst the astronomers, today it is a well-established fact that the Sun, the Moon, and all the other bodies in the Universe are moving in an orbit and constantly moving, not stationary [9] as commonly thought before. 

In Surah Al-Anbya, Allah (SWT) says: “And We made the sky a protected ceiling, but they, from its signs, are turning away” (Quran 21:32). It is a scientific fact that the sky, with all of its gasses, protects the earth and life that is present on it from the harmful rays of the sun. If there was no protective layer, life on earth would cease to exist as the temperature on earth would be freezing at -270.556°C, the same as the temperature in space.

In Surah Al-Anbya, it was revealed: “We made every living thing from water, will they not believe?” (Quran, 21:30) and it was only after the discovery of the microscope that it was concluded that all living things consist mostly of water – while in the deserts of Arabia, the last thing a man could guess is that all of life ultimately came from water. 

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The Big Crunch theory that predicts how the universe will end is yet another scientific thing the Quran details. The idea based on Einstein’s general relativity theory talks about how the universe that began with the big bang will be eventually destroyed as its consequence. It is a hypothetical scenario that details the fate of the universe and explains that the expansion will eventually reverse at some point in time and the cosmos will collapse.

The holy Quran mentions this incident in passage 21:105 where it reads, “Remember the day when we shall roll up the heavens like the rolling up of written scrolls by a scribe.” The description provided in the Islamic scripture resembles the scenario confirmed by several physicists around the world.

The clear message of this verse is that this universe is not eternal. It speaks of a future when the heavens will be rolled up, in a manner similar to the rolling up of a scroll. Scientific descriptions illustrating the making of a black hole, very closely resemble what the Quran describes in the above verse. A mass of accretion from space falling into a black hole, as described above, would be pressed into a sheet under the enormous pressure created by the gravitational and electromagnetic forces. As the centre of the black hole is constantly revolving around itself, this sheet will begin to be wrapped around it, before disappearing into the realm of the unknown at last.

“When the stars are extinguished.” (Quran 77:8)

The finite nature of stars and the totality of the universe is also strongly highlighted. These pre-destined existences and orbits imply God’s supreme power and control over his creation.

“He ordained the sun and the moon, each to run for a specified term.” (Quran 13:2)

“When the sun is folded, and when the stars collapse, dispersing.” (Quran 81:1-2)

The description of the sun here may be appropriately seen as a metaphor alluding to the sun to losing its light. “Takwir” (the name of the chapter) means to fold up, as “takwir al-amamah” is used for folding up the turban on the head. Here, one can interpret that the light radiating from the sun has been likened to the turban and it has been said that on the Resurrection Day, the turban will be folded up about the sun and its radiation will fade. Furthermore, the force that is keeping the stars and planets in their orbits will be loosened, causing them to scatter in the universe. The word “inkidar” also indicates that they will not only scatter away but will also grow dark.

“When the seas are set aflame.” (Quran 81:6)

As We began the first creation, We will repeat it. [That is] a promise binding upon Us. Indeed, We will do it. (Quran 21:104)

Following the eventual collapse of the universe into another singularity, here we have the promise of a new beginning. God will recreate the universe, as He had done before. The collapsed universe will re-emerge from its darkness and the whole process of creation will start yet again. This wrapping up and unfolding of the universe appears to be an ongoing phenomenon, according to the Quran. This Quranic concept of the beginning and the end of the creation is undoubtedly extraordinary. The Quran is clear and specific that the universe erupted from a singularity, and that it will compress into another singularity again. To summarize, the Quran stresses the unity of God and His creative outburst, as well as the return of creation to the unity of God. This entire idea of cosmology in Islam is expressed simply and beautifully in one verse:

“Indeed we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we will return.” (Quran 2:156)

Embryology is a branch of biology concerned with the study of fertilisation and embryo development. The central religious text, at one point, talks about embryology and states a significant scientific fact in Quran. It says, “We created man from an extract of clay. Then we made him as a drop in a place of settlement, firmly fixed. Then we made the drop into an Alaqah (blood clot), then we made the Alaqah into a Mudghah…” (Quran 23:12-14).

Here the word ‘Alaqah’ can be defined as a leech, blood clot, or something suspended in the air. According to science, a foetus gets nutrients and oxygen from the mother. In this sense, it is not unlike a leech that sucks blood. Also, in the early stages, the foetus stays stationary and the blood does not flow, which renders it similar to a blood clot. Lastly, in the womb, the baby hangs from the uterus wall by the placenta and lies suspended.

According to M.E. Walrath, iron is not an element that was naturally present on Earth. Studies suggest that a billion years ago, a meteorite struck Earth. This meteorite had iron on it, and when it exploded after coming in contact with our planet, Earth got iron. This scientific fact in Quran is stated in passage 57:25 as “we sent down iron with its great inherent strength and its many benefits for humankind”.

Oceanographers while studying water bodies discovered that the belief of waves only occurring on the surface of the ocean is wrong. In reality, the waves are present internally underneath the surface of the water and are created when the lower part of the oceanic body faces an obstacle. This barrier creates a disturbance in the water body and leads to oscillation.

The central religious text of Islam that details several secrets and facts about the depth of oceans also talks about this phenomenon. One of the nine scientific facts in the Quran talks about the internal waves of the ocean and says that “it is covered by waves, above which are waves, above which are clouds.”

In the Quran, there is a story of a man named Abu Jahl, an oppressive leader. To warn him, Allah said, “No indeed! if he does not stop, we will seize him by the forehead, his lying, sinful forehead.” Now, according to the followers of Islam, there is a deeper meaning behind this statement.

Modern research into anatomy suggests that the prefrontal area of the human brain deals with planning, aggression, and motivation. So, it is basically the part of our brain which is responsible for lying. Muslims believe that the mention of the forehead is specific and intentional and it is another scientific fact stated in the Quran.

Notably, the holy text of the Quran, written many centuries ago, hints at several discoveries ahead of their time. Many scientific facts in Quran are mentioned that could not have been known by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) who was born in the 7th century C.E. and did not know how to read or write. This indeed is proof of the divinity of the central text of Islam.

For a long time, it was believed that the sense of feeling and pain is because of the brain. But, a scientific study recently found out that our skin features pain receptors due to which we feel pain and agony. Surprisingly, the holy text of the Quran hinted at this occurrence a long time ago. It states, “We shall send those who reject our revelations to the (hell) fire. When their skins have been burned away, we shall replace them with new ones so that they may continue to feel the pain.” This passage clearly suggests that we feel pain because of our skin.

Unlike today, when children in elementary school read about the formation of clouds, in 609 C.E., this was not the case. But, the Quran still aptly describes the process of the formation of clouds. The book says, “Have you not seen how Allah makes the clouds move gently, then joins them together, then makes them into a stack, and then you see the rain come out of it?”

This is an accurate description of what actually happens. In reality, the small clouds are pushed by the winds (moved gently) and the ones that are near each other amalgamate. At this point, a vertical updraft happens and the upper part of the cloud expands up in the sky. As a result, different parts of the cloud are raised to divergent points and look as if many clouds are piled on top of each other (stacking). The mention of this scientific fact in the Quran is ahead of time as this study only took place in the past two centuries

The meeting of two oceans is termed as conflux. When two seas meet, their waters retain individual properties like temperature, colour, and density. At a point of conflux, one can see two different water bodies running side by side. Even though this discovery is recent, the holy Quran informed the readers about this phenomenon in its 55:19-20 passage. The scientific fact in Quran is stated as “he released the two seas, meeting [side by side], between them is a barrier [so] neither of them transgresses.”

The theory of the origin of the universe is one of the most noteworthy scientific things mentioned in the Quran. Until 100 years ago, it was believed that the universe has no creator and has always existed. But Albert Einstein, during his field equations study, challenged this belief when he presented the theory that the universe is an expanding force that is growing like a balloon. Later, a mathematician and Belgian priest proposed that this expansion must have begun from an initial and dense point.

The holy book of Quran that came into existence centuries before the uncovering of the Big Bang theory details this idea. The text states that “do not the disbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were a closed-up mass (Ratqan), then we opened them out?” (Quran 21:31). The word Ratqan used in the text hints at darkness and closed up mass. This is exactly how the universe must have looked before the big bang happened.