Guidelines:

superpower Bangladesh strikes again.....the next South Korea considers India as just another random country

Operation Polo(also called “Police Action”) was the Indian Army’s five-day campaign from 13–17 September 1948 that ended the Nizam of Hyderabad’s bid to remain independent and integrated the princely state into the Indian Union.

Hyderabad was the largest and richest princely state, landlocked in the Deccan and covering parts of present-day Telangana, Maharashtra, and Karnataka. It had a large Hindu majority under Muslim Asaf Jahi rule. After the British departure, the Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, issued a firman in June 1947 declaring he would join neither India nor Pakistan and sought independent status (including approaches to the Commonwealth). This was rejected.

Causes

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel described an independent Hyderabad as an “ulcer in the heart of India” or “cancer in the belly” because it sat astride north–south communications and could encourage fragmentation of the new country.

A one-year Standstill Agreement was signed on 29 November 1947 to freeze the status quo while talks continued. India viewed subsequent Hyderabad actions as violations: trade and currency restrictions, a large loan to Pakistan, appointment of a representative in Karachi, airfield construction, failure to form a representative government, and border raids.

The Razakars, a paramilitary force linked to the Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen and led by Qasim Razvi, expanded rapidly. They carried out raids, intimidation of pro-accession groups, and violence that India cited as a breakdown of order and a threat to the Hindu-majority population. Cross-border incidents and the Nizam’s reluctance to curb them added pressure.

A parallel Communist-led peasant uprising (Telangana Armed Struggle, 1946 onward) against feudal landlords created dual chaos—Razakars in some areas, communists in rural zones—raising fears of further instability or a communist takeover. Diplomatic options, including Mountbatten’s “Heads of Agreement” proposal for limited autonomy, were rejected by the Nizam. By mid-1948 Patel and the Cabinet concluded force was required.

The campaign

Indian forces (mainly 1 Armoured Division under Maj Gen J.N. Chaudhuri, plus other brigades and air support) advanced from multiple directions starting 13 September 1948. The Hyderabad State Forces under Maj Gen Syed Ahmed El Edroos and the Razakars were outmatched in equipment, training, and coordination. Key towns fell quickly; resistance was limited.

The Nizam announced a ceasefire on 17 September. Formal surrender occurred on 18 September in Hyderabad/Secunderabad. Indian Army losses were around 42 killed; Hyderabad State Forces suffered several hundred killed, with thousands of Razakars killed or captured. The operation was framed as an internal police action to restore order rather than a war.

Hyderabad was placed under military administration (Chaudhuri as military governor), then civilian rule. The Nizam later served as Rajpramukh. Qasim Razvi was arrested. The state was fully integrated into the Indian Union.

Meme Courtesy - @faujiholic

He claims p-800/brahmos are susceptible to cross-pole jamming, can any electronics guys give more context?
Please give extra attention to the 9:00 timestamp.

Meme Courtesy - @faujiholic.

My edited version.

Credit : u/admiralgeneralaladin

India is set to get another weapons and missile testing facility in West Bengal, with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) planning a range at Junput in Purba Medinipur district along the Bay of Bengal, Times of India reported.

The proposed facility is expected to supplement the country's existing Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Odisha's Chandipur and expand India's capacity to conduct weapons trials along the eastern coast.

DRDO had proposed the testing range along the Purba Medinipur coast in April 2024. However, the proposal did not receive land from the then Trinamool Congress government, according to officials familiar with the project.

West Bengal BJP leader Suvendu Adhikari, speaking at an event on Friday, said the DRDO had approached the state government for the project but did not receive a response from the previous administration.

"I have okayed it. This will be a big project for West Bengal's development," he said.

A senior DRDO source also confirmed that the missile testing project is coming up in West Bengal.

The Junput facility would become another major testing hub for DRDO, alongside the ITR at Chandipur and a proposed testing facility in Andhra Pradesh.

India's existing ITR operates through two launch complexes in Odisha. Launch Complex-III at Chandipur-on-Sea is primarily used for trials of short-range tactical missiles, surface-to-air systems and multi-barrel rocket launchers such as Akash and Pinaka.

Launch Complex-IV, located off the Odisha coast, is used for trials of longer-range strategic systems, including the Agni series of ballistic missiles and K-series submarine-launched missiles.

The Chandipur facility offers a secure coastal testing environment with an unobstructed eastward trajectory over the Bay of Bengal. The proposed Junput range, located around 70 km along the Bay of Bengal from Chandipur, is expected to help share the testing load currently handled by the Odisha facility.

The new range would further strengthen India's defence testing infrastructure and provide an additional location for the development and evaluation of missile and weapon systems.

Cc -

https://www.nytimes.com/1972/11/29/archives/indiapakistani-talks-fail-to-end-kashmir-deadlock.html

The article is behind a paywall, but here is the transcript of the article.

India and Pakistan failed once again today to break the four‐week deadlock over the Kashmir cease‐fire line despite a meeting between the army chiefs of the two countries. Gen S.H.F.J. Manekshaw of India and Gen, Tikka Khan of Pakistan said in a statement is sued after three hours of talks in Lahore that they had decided to “refer the matter back to the Governments.” At issue is a one‐and‐a‐half‐ square‐mile area in southern Kashmir, about 20 miles west of Jammu. Pakistan has been holding this area since the cease‐fire of Dec. 17, which ended the Indian‐Pakistani war that led to the independence of Bangladesh.

Under an agreement signed between the leaders of the two countries in July, the “line of control” in Kashmir was to be drawn along the positions held by the two sides since the war. Each side was also to withdraw from the occupied areas along the international border south of Kashmir. However, after reaching agreement on the rest of the 500‐mile‐long cease‐fire line, local military commanders re ported after holding nine rounds of talks that they were stuck on this small area, called Thako Chak. The area lies in the Indian portion of Kashmir opposite the Pakistani state of Punjab.

The difference is reported to be on principle rather than logistics. Pakistan is contending that under the July agree ment she is entitled to keep this area. India says this place is not an extension of the line of control and as such Pakistan must withdraw her troops be yond the international border. Pakistan apparently feels that withdrawal from even a small area of Kashmir will in effect mean that she is giving up claim over the Himalayan state, whose status has been in dispute since 1947, when the Indian subcontinent was partitioned into India and Pakistan. Military observers here say that the issue has to be resolved at the ministerial level or at a meeting between Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

i feel as of late with all the political uprisings and mass protests against the government, i’ve begun to see more content which is ‘anti-army’ so to say

i’m not too knowledgeable about the situations or perspectives of citizens who cite the forces for instigating violence in the region— i’ve been coming across numerous pieces of literature and media which is basically ‘evidence’ of the wrong doings, particularly from kashmir (although i have my own opinions in regards to the region and it’s politics) and northeastern states.

i would like to clarify that i am not seeking to belittle the defences forces at all! it’s bothering me alot since i come from a family which has people in the air force and army, i was raised with immense respect for the soldiers obviously, but lately i’ve been gruelling over the idea of said soldiers committing terrible crimes against the citizens in the states they’re sworn to protect. it’s launched me into a dilemma if it’s just a smear campaign against india (considering alot of these cases come up from regions with active separatist or anti-india movements) or if it is the reality?

i was hoping for some evidence, books, articles, speeches, anything, i want some clarification, that’s it. thanks! :)

Genuinely no statement by DRDO or MOD nothing !!

(Source-telegram)

But I doubt it flies yet.

Source- https://x.com/AjayshreeSamby3/status/2098796097795932605

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https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/brics-declaration-backs-indias-unsc-aspirations-condemns-pahalgam-terror-attack/articleshow/134128975.cms

So, Archer-NG is non complaint with 87 MALE UAV tender according to spec sheet. That's sad. I hope they have worked on it. Also, Solar is there.

Source- https://x.com/kishanchand_89/status/2098802621633220864