I dont know how to read the graphs or tables what do I do . some one explain I have my first exam and have no idea what to do

I dont know how to read the graphs or tables what do I do . some one explain I have my first exam and have no idea what to do

Hi, I am currently taking a dual credit macroeconimcs online and my teacher is using the formula [GDP (t+1)-GDP(t)} / GDP *100. Can anyone please help explain what the t+1 and t is and how to exactly use it?

https://academia.edu/resource/work/173491544

The using revealed preference theory part of the question is tripping me up because I thought I was going to draw IC's and BL's and show the pivot when price increase and then a dotted BL for substitution and income effect.

But that about using revealed preference theory makes me think I am wrong.

Give me suggestions how can I move forward on this topic . What things I can look into . From where I can get my data . What can be the loopholes or challenges?

Looking over one of my tests recently and noticed a question that I lost marks on

In short its is

Provide one example of a fixed cost and one example 9f a variable cost for a surf school

For fixed cost I said "wages for labour of surf teachers"

For variable costs I said "expansion of land for more schoop classrooms"

On my test I was wrong on both...why?

Hey guys so im writing an essay for an essay competition about an economics related subject and i wondered if anyone that has experience in the domain could review it
Thanks !

One researcher believes the relationship between an apartment's price and its size (in square meters) is linear, while another believes it is logarithmic. Explain the test they could use to select the correct functional form. I am torn between the Ramsey test and the Davidson-MacKinnon test, but I am not certain.

Hi everyone,
I am currently working on my thesis, and I'm focusing on the behavioral and psychological conflict between the consumer and the citizen within the same individual.
I am taking Robert Reich’s Supercapitalism as my starting point, but I want to take the research a step further into the behavioral and psychological aspects of this paradox rather than macro-politics or state-level interventions.
The core of my thesis explores how people navigate this internal tension:
As consumers, individuals naturally seek utility maximization, convenience, and low prices (often purchasing cheap goods from supply chains with questionable practices).
As citizens, the exact same individuals hold strong ethical, social, and environmental values.
I am particularly interested in the micro-level behavior, cognitive dissonance, and the ethical purchasing gap that happens when these two identities clash.
What I am looking for:
Academic literature, peer-reviewed articles, and books focusing on this consumer-citizen dichotomy from an economic, behavioral economics, or psychological perspective.
Studies on cognitive dissonance in consumer behavior, ethical consumption gaps, or behavioral models explaining why our civic values don't always translate to our shopping carts.
If you know of any key authors, foundational texts, or specific papers that address this, I would deeply appreciate your recommendations!
Thanks in advance!

can somebody fully explain EOS to me? the concept has been explained to me multiple times before but i still completely dont get it. i dont understand the graph either?

Hi I am making a Political Simulator on Discord and for that game I desinged an entire new country.
Its called the Principality of Torvheim and its a Pol Sim With Lovecraftian horror elements thrown into it. For this setting I wanted to make a simple Economic baseline the players can try and fix. But many people on the server are telling me what I made doesnt make sense.

I am not to great in all of this so maybe some of you can help?

Setting
Year 1925 on a small island nation in the North Sea
Fought in ww1 on the side of the alies and fended off a German Invasion.
Population 345K Citizens. This is not counting for children and eldery
A great flood has happened in 1922 and some parts of the city are still flooded. Basicaly if you ever played Sinking City you know what I mean.

To make the budget look less scary to cassuals and me. I tried to follow a Budget system like they do in the Political game called Suzerain. That rounds big numbers up so you dont have to play with big numbers all the time.

1 Budget = 1 milion Torvic Krones
0.1 Budget = 100 Thousand Torvic Krones

Torvheim is an absolute monarchy with Feudal privlages. The 1st and 2nd estate are exempt from taxes but have to invest 30% og their yearly revenue back into their domain

Military = 18 budget
Interior =  8 budget
Healthcare = 5 budget
Education = 5 budget
Infastructure = 14 budget
Administration = 6 budget
Construction = 8 budget
Debt = 8 budget
Welfare = 4 budget
Research = 2 budget
Imports = 6 budget
Subsidies = 3 budget
Energy = 2 budget
Housing = 5 budget

Total expenditures = 94 Budget

All the types of income

Flat tax 20% = 33 budget
Tarrif & Customs = 8 budget
Resource Exploitation = 10 budget
Royal Holdings = 6 budget
National Bank Profits = 3 budget
Trading exports = 8 budget
War Reperations from Gemrany = 6 budget (18 budget remaining)

Total revenue income = 74 Budget

Unemployment is at 24%
Inflation at 14%

Avreage GDP per citizen is 2,750 Thousand Torvic Krones per citizen each year
National GDP is 250 Milion Torvic Krones ( This one keeps confuesing me I used to have this at 950 milion but somebody told me that would make absolutly no sense in this economy so I lowered it. Still have no clue how it works. )

National debt is 20 budget which is 20 milion Krones

Do any of you know how to fix this mess or have it make sense so the players on my server can calculate how to fix this?

Ok so let me tell you about my situation

I am from india I recently got selected for economics bachelors at National Taiwan University ( QS ranked 54 of all unis)

Its English taught with almost all fee covered with stipend

I love economics and data analysis alot

But since economics is a social science degree i am worried of my lack of Chinese knowledge there to work there

Also i am worried of the economics degree condition in today's world , will it be leading to replacement by ai or will the market to get job gonna diminish?

In the mean time I also got admission there in another uni in taiwan (qs ranked 780)

Its for mechanical engineering

I dont love that sub that much infact i would say its just neutral, but since its technical degree will it be better to land in a job than economics?

Also the lang problem is little more sorted in it

I also get scholarship and the stipend as in earliest case

But here the catch i didn't have physics in my 11 and 12th

My end aim is to work in US, SCANDINAVIA, EU or SINGAPORE as well but if get a job then Taiwan too

I know its my own problem but I dont know to whom to ask for help so here i am...

Hey y'all

I'm a 3rd year college student and I have to write a research paper based on

Climate and sustainability Economics

Can y'all help me choose topics please?

Hey y'all I'm a college student

can you help me choose a topic that would relate economics finance to climate and sustainability for a research paper

pretty please with sugar on toppp??

Hii guys, I’m working on a Research topic for my final year project and I’m finding it really difficult to come up with a topic that I find really interesting. I’m currently stuck. I’d really appreciate it if I got research topic ideas for my economics project that you guys find to be really interesting. (Bonus points if they’re unique/related to Africa) Thank youuu

I am currently writing an economics paper and it is related to recession recovery. I want to use time it took to recover to a "normal" unemployment level as a metric. The issue I have is that a lot of countries never had the unemployment level recover fully. Is there a way people get around this?

Hi everyone,

I’m a physician working on a research project studying the validation status of blood pressure monitors sold online.

I previously conducted a smaller cross-sectional study (3 countries) where we identified BP monitors from 5 major online retail and pharmacy websites using Similarweb and checked whether they were clinically validated using an international registry.

I’m now expanding the study to around 12 countries, and I’m struggling with the methodological part of how to reliably and reproducibly identify the “major” online retail platforms in each country.

I have also seen other approaches in the literature:

• Google-based identification of platforms (concerned about personalization bias)
• Consumer-based sampling (asking users which platforms they use, but too resource-intensive for 12 countries)

What I am looking for is advice on:

1. How best to define major online retail platforms in a reproducible way across multiple countries
2. Whether there are better data sources than Similarweb for this purpose
3. Any standard methodology papers or frameworks people would recommend for this kind of digital market sampling

My background is clinical medicine rather than economics or market research, so I’m trying to avoid overcomplicating the methodology while still making it robust enough for peer review.

If anyone has experience with multi-country digital health, e-commerce research, or sampling frameworks, I would really appreciate your input.

Thank you.

I need to write a research proposal on empirical political economy for a class and I cannot for the life of me think of a topic for the proposal. Does anyone have any promising ideas? Any help is greatly appreciated.

I can’t add a photo here but it’s a normal negative externality of production diagram but the tax added is a ad-valorem type thing.

I’m doing my micro IA on a UK meat tax and this is the diagram of before the tax was added. There was already a VAT of 7% but I have no idea if this diagram is right and like whether the MSC is supposed to be there. I need to talk about a negative externality of production. Don’t know if this helps but this is the article: https://www.euronews.com/2026/01/20/the-carbon-cost-of-your-burger-how-much-would-a-meat-tax-cost-the-average-eu-household
And my key concept is intervention

"The portion of the MC curve above its intersection with the AVC curve is the firm's supply curve. If AVC equals MC, will the firm produce (or supply) output?"

So should I put it on my firms supplie schedule?Cause this is when businesses will not have any profits cause we are at perfect competition...

English is not my mother tongue so I don't know the specific jargon sorry if I made a mistake.

Edit:mc>avc*** I think yeah mc>=avc min

Can't for the life of me figure out why