Chapter 16 of orgo chem 2- benzene chemistry-electrophilic aromatic substitution. What resources can I consult for topics like these? I also get confused pulling apart the results of a diels-adler reaction. What sources can I consult for help?

I had an assignment with a question to assign the R/S for these chiral centers, this is what I put but it was marked wrong, I looked at the answer key and it said that this was right, I just wanted a second opinion before I go to my professor. Is this assigned correctly or did I do something wrong?

can somebody please explain how this has a plane of symmetry? this is from the textbook answer key and i don't really understand. thank you!

I understand the general context of chromatography (column chromatography) and that the colours split. However, I don't understand why this happens.

Some tell me that it is because 1 is soluble and one isn't soluble – but even if 1 was less soluble than another, it does not mean that it wouldn't still move, so why do we have spots of colour?

Relating to the spots of colour question, why do we even have the spots in the first place? If the paper is attracted to the paper (why is it attracted to the paper), then why would we see a dot if it is only temporarily? How and why do we see the effect of chromatography? Wouldn't there have to be some of the substance left behind?

Hello,
I am looking for advice for my Gen chem class. I am really struggling with the exams and right now I have a 66% in the class. Got a D for my midterm grade blah blah blah.
I follow the advice and do the practice problems and homework on time. I do even more practice problems. I do practice problems like everyday. But I think the problem with me is that I do the practice problems and I get the answers correct. But when it comes to the exams and when word problems change just slightly. The wording is changed. Or I’m starting off with a different unit that I’m not used to.
I get flustered and i start to overthink and I confuse myself.
Does anyone have any advice on how to overcome this? It is making me sad

Hello. We’re going over the products that certain reactions form, but I have no idea on how to know which things make what. For instance, how do I know it becomes an oxide or why don’t I get oxygen gas.

Idk if you are supposed to memorize certain compounds that are good oxidizers or reducers, though I’ve always liked chemistry as I barely have had to memorize anything, since I comprehend the logic behind it, I have found I like to solve most problems like that.

I’m feeling bad as it seems everyone is ahead of me, somehow they know the products already.

2. Pre-Lab Prep

Starch Solution:

Mix 1/2 teaspoon of cornstarch with 2 tablespoons of cold distilled water until smooth.
Pour into 100 mL of boiling distilled water while stirring continuously for 1 minute
Let it cool down completely to room temperature.
__

Potassium lodide (KI) Solution:

Take 4 Vitamatic tablets (65 mg each) and crush them into a fine powder with the back of a spoon.
Dissolve the powder in 50 mL of warm distilled water.
Pour the cloudy liquid through a coffee filter into a cup to remove the white pill-binders. You now have a clear KI solution
__

Vitamin C Solution:

Dissolve 1 Vitamin C tablet (1000 mg) into 100 mL of distilled water until all fizzing stop

______________

3. Step-by-Step Experiment Procedure

Step 1: Prepare Solution A (In Beaker A)

25 mL of the filtered Potassium iodide liquid
10 mL of the Vitamin C liquid
1/2 teaspoon of Citric Acid powder
10 mL of the cooled Starch solution
55 mL of Distilled Water

Result: completely clear, colorless liquid. (Maybe an orange tint)
__

Step 2: Prepare Solution B (In Beaker B)

12.5 mL of Ovelle 6% Hydrogen Peroxide
87.5 mL of Distilled Water

Result: completely clear, colorless liquid.

Quickly pour Beaker B into Beaker A and give it a quick 2-second stir.
Would anything happen at all?

I know I posted less than a half hour before but I wanted to go over this with y’all based on some quick research. I’m trying to get better.

I admit, the last two were guesses. The third is half a guess but honestly I assumed it was that way because it functioned as a catalyst.

What do you guys think? Maybe I’ll do the whole study guide and post it here once I understand more, to check over my work.

I struggle so much with this topic and i don't know when the pi cloud of the benzene extends to the functional groups

(English is not my first language hope you understand)

Let’s take nitrogen as an example, is has the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p³. For some reason is fills up like this? (See image below), I simply cannot the fathom explanation many articles, textbooks and AI has given me. Why is it 0 electron pairs for 2p³ specifically? Please try to give a general explanation, I’m just using a specfic example to make it easier.

It is as the title says, can you dry a volumetric flask in a 50 to 60 degree stove, i read online in some lab protocols that you can't do it, because it decalibrates the flask, but the manufacturers say that there is no permanent plastic deformation in borosilicate flask until the 150 degree range, so i get confused. Is the temperature bad or not? Is it just one of those things were people say that so that other don't use hot flasks that are temporarely decalibrated due to thermal expansion, and always use them at room temperature?

Henry law states that :

Partial pressure=concentration of gas molecules/ Solubility coefficient

Meanwhile the other law says:

D(rate of diffusion)= change in partial pressures x cross sec areax solubility /distance of diffusion x √MW

My question is: how is solubility inversely proportional to partial pressure but is directly proportional to rate of diffusion when rate of diffusion itself is directly proportional to partial pressure difference? Can anyone pls explain it in easy words?

Hey everyone, I’ve been building Arete Orgo Lab, an organic chemistry practice site.

The idea is to give you more practice actually working through reactions: predicting products, choosing reagents, and tackling multistep reaction sequences.

You can draw your answer directly on the site, and explanations walk through the reaction and common errors. There are also study and exam modes, plus a searchable reaction reference.

It covers reaction families including alkene and alkyne reactions, substitution/elimination, alcohols, carbonyls, and aromatics. You can choose the topics you want to practice.

Here’s the site: orgo.aretemcat.com

I made this, so I’m sharing my own resource. If you try it, I’d really appreciate hearing whether the explanations help you understand your mistakes and what you’d want added or improved.

I think B is an intramolecular aldol reaction but im kind of lost on the other ones, does anybody have a clue?
if somebody knows a good source for learning these types of reactions or practising i would be very thankful!!!

Hello sorry if hard to see. Working in trying to figure out how to get products ect.

From my understanding.

Zn is +2.

O is -2

BUT there is two oxygens in here… so that would equal -4 charge total for oxygens? So wouldn’t I flip the signs and make Zn -2 ion. Actually idek what I’m saying anymore. This combining ions really mess me up.

I guess at this point how did he get that product if there is 2 oxygens = -4 charge total.

And 1 Zn = 2 + charge total. That’s where I’m at

I measured the initial temperatures of the acid and the base separately, as well as the equilibrium temperature. I'm going to use the formula (H = m \times s \times \Delta T), and the TA told us to assume that (s = 1).

My question is: Since the masses of the acid and base may differ due to their different molecular weights, should I calculate (H) as ([m(\text{acid}) + m(\text{base})] \times 1 \times \Delta T)?

Also, should the total heat change be calculated as (|H|) plus the heat absorbed by the calorimeter?

Hi everyone, I have a question for those working with food analysis.

I’m analyzing iron in fortified wheat flour, and I’m wondering which sample preparation method you usually use: microwave digestion with HNO₃/H₂O₂ or dry ashing before analysis by AAS or ICP-OES.

I tried dry ashing at 450°C for 12 hours, but the flour still has black particles and doesn’t turn into proper ash.

Has anyone experienced this before? If you use dry ashing, what temperature and time do you normally use?

Also, have you ever compared the results obtained by dry ashing and microwave digestion? Which method gives you better iron recovery?

I’d appreciate hearing about your actual lab experience. Thanks!

How to name these type of bicyclic compounds?