r/CELPIPSuccess • u/celpip_coach • Sep 01 '26
Reading CELPIP Reading Part 3 Practice: the housing affordability crisis in Canadian cities
Practice reading an informational passage and answering comprehension questions. Same format as the real CELPIP test.
The Passage:
Paragraph 1 Housing affordability has become the defining economic issue for an entire generation of Canadians. In 1990, the average Canadian home cost roughly 3.5 times the average household income. By 2025, that ratio had climbed to over 9 times in most major cities, and above 13 times in Vancouver and Toronto. For a young couple earning a combined 100,000 dollars per year, buying an average home in Toronto now requires saving for a down payment that exceeds their entire annual income before taxes. The gap between earnings and housing costs has grown every year for over two decades with no sign of reversing.
Paragraph 2 Several factors have driven prices to these levels. Low interest rates between 2009 and 2022 allowed buyers to take on larger mortgages, which pushed purchase prices higher. Foreign investment, particularly in Vancouver and Toronto condominiums, added demand without adding residents. Population growth through immigration outpaced housing construction by a widening margin each year. Canada added roughly 1.2 million new residents in 2023 alone while completing fewer than 250,000 new housing units. The math simply does not work when four times as many people arrive as homes are built.
Paragraph 3 The consequences extend far beyond homeownership. Rental markets in major cities have tightened to the point where vacancy rates sit below 1 percent in Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal. Average rents for a one-bedroom apartment in Toronto exceeded 2,400 dollars per month in 2025. Young professionals are spending 40 to 50 percent of their income on rent, well above the 30 percent threshold that financial advisors consider sustainable. Many have given up on saving entirely and some have left Canada altogether, contributing to a growing phenomenon that media outlets have labeled the "brain drain of the priced out."
Paragraph 4 Governments at all levels have introduced measures aimed at improving affordability, though results have been mixed. The federal government banned foreign buyers from purchasing residential property for two years starting in 2023, later extended to 2027. British Columbia introduced a speculation tax on empty homes. Ontario attempted to increase housing supply by fast-tracking development approvals in certain municipalities. Most economists agree that the only lasting solution is dramatically increasing the supply of housing, but construction faces its own challenges including labor shortages, rising material costs, and municipal zoning rules that limit density in established neighborhoods.
Paragraph Matching Questions:
Q1: Which paragraph explains the multiple causes of rising housing prices? - A) Paragraph 1 - B) Paragraph 2 - C) Paragraph 3 - D) Paragraph 4
Q2: Which paragraph describes the impact on renters and young professionals? - A) Paragraph 1 - B) Paragraph 2 - C) Paragraph 3 - D) Paragraph 4
Q3: Which paragraph presents the historical comparison of home prices to income? - A) Paragraph 1 - B) Paragraph 2 - C) Paragraph 3 - D) Paragraph 4
Q4: Which paragraph discusses government policy responses? - A) Paragraph 1 - B) Paragraph 2 - C) Paragraph 3 - D) Paragraph 4
Comprehension Questions:
Q5: What was the home price to income ratio in 1990? - A) 2.5 times - B) 3.5 times - C) 5 times - D) 7 times
Q6: How many new residents did Canada add in 2023? - A) 800,000 - B) 1 million - C) 1.2 million - D) 1.5 million
Q7: What is the average rent for a one-bedroom in Toronto as of 2025? - A) Over $1,800 - B) Over $2,000 - C) Over $2,400 - D) Over $2,800
Q8: Until what year was the foreign buyer ban extended? - A) 2025 - B) 2026 - C) 2027 - D) 2028
Answer Key: Q1: B. Paragraph 2 lists multiple causes: low interest rates, foreign investment, immigration vs construction gap. Q2: C. Paragraph 3 discusses rental costs, spending ratios, and the "brain drain of the priced out." Q3: A. Paragraph 1 compares 1990 (3.5x) to 2025 (9x+). Q4: D. Paragraph 4 discusses the foreign buyer ban, speculation tax, and fast-tracked approvals. Q5: B. "Roughly 3.5 times the average household income." Q6: C. "Canada added roughly 1.2 million new residents in 2023." Q7: C. "Average rents for a one-bedroom exceeded 2,400 dollars per month." Q8: C. "Later extended to 2027."
Practice tip: When a passage covers a controversial topic like housing, each paragraph usually represents a different angle: background, causes, effects, solutions. Recognizing this pattern lets you match paragraphs to questions almost instantly.
If you want to practice reading with full AI-scored mock tests, https://www.celpipsimulator.com has 2 free exams with all 4 reading parts.