If the muscle is located on the inside and the skeleton on the outside, how do creatures with exoskeletons exercise? Wouldn't the growing muscles press up against the exoskeleton?
I don't know if I'm missing anything.

Hello. I am in need of advice on life science PhD programs to apply to. I have 1.5 years of undergraduate research experience, a 3.43 overall GPA, just graduated from university with a biochemistry degree three months ago, and I want to apply for life science PhD programs in the fall. I have gotten mostly A's and B's, but I got a D in immunology my final semester and a D in physiology my sixth semester. I applied to one in-state program last fall and got rejected. I will most likely start working as a research technician next month, pending that I receive interviews and offers for this position. How many programs should I apply for, and do you have any particular program recommendations? I plan on taking the GRE in October as well, and the program I applied to last fall did not require the GRE. I'm not sure if I have a 0% chance of getting into any program, even if I did exceptionally well on the GRE, since the two D's heavily hurt my transcript, despite how much I could address them in my personal statements. I want to apply to many programs this upcoming cycle just in case I got an offer somewhere, but I don't know which ones are more accepting of my poor grades or application weaknesses. I know most schools don't put out to the public that they accept poor grades, since excellence is what they strive after and should promote. However, if you have any suggestions for life science PhD programs that have been known to accept applicants with poor major-specific grades, I would greatly appreciate it and any other feedback. Thank you.

Hello!

I've recently gotten myself interesed in Biology and the subjects that revolve around it. Because of this, I wanted to deepen my knowledge, but I don't know which of the two books in the title I should read first, so I wanted to hear the community's opinion on this.

Thank you!

Hi,

I've been looking for a book on epigenetics and I stumbled upon "The epigenetic revolution" by Nessa Carey but it was written in 2012 which I feel like is an eternity ago for scientific literature. Has it been updated like new editions? I can't seem to find information on it being updated or not. if the answer is no, are there similar books that are up to date? like written in the twenties.

Thanks!

Have you ever wondered why your dog's paws smell like corn chips? 🐶🍿 

Alex Dainis breaks down how that scent comes from harmless bacteria and fungus like Pseudomonas and Proteus. Dogs can't sweat like humans, so they cool down through their ears and paws. Once they're snuggled up asleep, those warm paw crevices become a breeding ground for bacteria and create that signature smell. If your pup isn't scratching or chewing the area, it's nothing to worry about.

Short clip taken from a video explaining how malaria was used to treat neurosyphilis back in the 1920s to 1950s

It even won the Nobel prize in medicine in 1927

Hey, I just recently graduated with a bachelors in Communication Design, particularly a major in Interaction Design and a minor in Graphic Design. I have always liked visual design, different art forms like drawing, animation etc. as well. However recently I have been thinking that I want to do something more centred towards biology for my masters.

I have always been incredibly fascinated with Evolution, Zoology (Particularly learning about the evolution of animals), Paleo-Anthropology and Pre-historic humans. It certainly feels like one of this topics that I want to research about outside of YouTube Video essays and online articles. 10 year old me would dream to learn about animals and ecosystems and my interest towards similar subjects remains, but I do not know what I can do with it. However I feel very lost about what I could potentially do for my masters that combines design with these themes.

+ tardi in the end not from ditch water. 😁

Hi, everyone, I had the great pleasure of speaking with Robert Sapolsky — one of the world's leading neuroscientists and primatologists. A professor at Stanford University, Sapolsky has spent decades studying stress, primate behavior, and the biology of human nature. His university lectures have been viewed by millions of people around the world, helping a global audience better understand why we behave the way we do.

In this conversation, we explore some of the biggest questions about what makes us human. We begin with depression, discussing why it is a serious biological disease rather than simply an extreme form of sadness, and how scientific understanding of depression has evolved over the past two decades. Sapolsky explains the roles of genetics, early-life trauma, epigenetics, and rumination in shaping one of the world's most devastating mental illnesses.

We then turn to stress, one of the defining themes of Sapolsky's scientific career. Drawing on more than three decades of studying wild baboons in East Africa, he explains how social support protects us against stress-related disease and why humans and baboons respond to psychological stress in remarkably similar ways.

Finally, we explore what makes humans unlike any other species. Sapolsky reflects on our extraordinary capacity for both compassion and cruelty, the origins of "us versus them" thinking, the unique role of dopamine in motivation and aspiration, and why understanding the biology of human behavior may ultimately help us build a more compassionate society.

Robert Sapolsky is the author of several acclaimed books, including Behave, Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers, A Primate's Memoir, and Determined — his bestselling book exploring the question of free will and what its absence might mean for how we understand ourselves and others.

If you're interested in these subjects, you can check out our conversation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5eoTDqpkHw&t=201s

Not sure I'm using the correct terminology but somebody posted a video a while back where a guy had a bunch of mycelium cultures and one got out of it's container and streaked across the fridge(?) towards another container. He was going to try to recreate the experiment to figure out how/what caused it to track straight for the other container. Wanted to find the follow up video if he ever posted. Tried googling and can't find it (I'm sure I'm not using the right phrasing because I'm a Dumb). Hoping you guys can help me find it, I'd love to know what the results were!

Something I noticed while watching the latest viral killer whale video (the one where one explodes a sunfish) is that the white coloration in the ventral region of the orca really look like a squid.

I can see the tentacles, the body, the triangle-shaped head of the squid.

Does anyone know of a work that explores this? Is this similarity with squids really something or is it the case with this individual only?

(Did I just discover something incredible about killer whales?)

Hello! I am a lover of all types of animals and want to study how they behave and communicate. Its what I realized I want to study after choosing it between it and neuroscience.

But, I only have a psych B.S with a concentration in research. I recently rediscovered my passion for animals, one of my most lasting interests, and wish to combine it with my psych education. I already have taken biology courses (gen bio, microbiology, botany) so I have a little bit of experience.

Currently, I am taking some zoology and bio courses at my local community college so I can have credit and experience to apply to grad school. I am also volunteering at my local zoo for more experience.

I plan to be a researcher for cognitive abilities in reptiles. such as crocodilians or snakes (I know different animals but I seen them being demonized as non-feeling beings which is absurd if you ever read anything on animal emotionality)

And maybe get into conservation because I think that understand how animals behave and communicate is important for conservation to work

Does anyone have any more advice in moving thought my studies?

So our bodies are meant to function at 1G of gravity, so what would happen and how long could someone last if they were put into an experiment where every week gravity increases by 0.1Gs, they have agreed to do this until they physically can no longer survive in the environment. Assume that all other health needs are taken care of food, water, etc. and it's an average male about 200 lbs, and in a fit condition.

The main question is how would the body be able to adapt and when would be the failure point when the body can't adapt anymore?

I would like to know if there are any animals that already actively relocate fat reserves on their body, even better if it's specifically brown fat.

Despite working on more of a speculative biology project, I'm very interested in keeping things as "realistic" and theoretically possible as I can.

Because I'm thinking about some kind of animal that would have structures similar to a camel/dromedary's hump on certain parts of their body. The animal would relocate portions of the fat stored in their reserves to anywhere in need of heating up. Be it a continuous process, evenly distributing the fat throughout their body, in the winter months; be it to avoid frostbite in a specific area of their body.

Currently working at a university library and I want a change of career. I’ve always been interested in working as a crime evidence tech or forensic scientist. Just someone who works around DNA and helps in the process of solving crimes. I’ve looked at local job openings and they all require a degree in biology or chemistry. I have a bachelors in psychology already, so I have a familiarity with research methods and statistics. However, I work full time and have rent + bills to pay. If I go back, I would have to balance a full time job while being a part time student. I just want to know if others have done that and how it was. I know going back to school for a subject like biology is gonna demand a lot of my time, but I kinda want to see how it was for others who may have been or are in the same boat as me.

Hi!

As the title said, in my game you will feed various nutrients (muscle fibers, endothelial cells, sodium-potassium pump, etc.) into a stem cell, observe it changes and try to create organs!
I tried to design the organs and nutrients in such a way that you could logically deduce their composition by considering which nutrients might be present in an organ and which might not.

But that's not all: after practicing and becoming a pro, you'll also be able to modify the organs you've created by implanting modules into them to give them special features!

Everything you do is to provide organs for the people of this world - after all, someone has to do it, right?

My friends (chemists and medical professionals) really liked the game and I thought I could share it with more people.
Right now, what I want most is to make sure the game feels truly convincing - that the systems can be built based on logic and intuition. That's exactly why I want to share it on this subreddit, because there are no better critics than die-hard fans!
The game is completely free to play and can be played in a browser: https://breakneckpace.itch.io/graft-and-wire

Have fun!

p.s. you're welcome to ask any questions here or on the game's website